国内外渔业节能减排研发进展

The research and development progress of domestic and international fishery energy saving and emission reduction

渔业节能减排是实现国家节能减排战略的重要举措,也是实现渔业现代化的必然要求。本文综述了近年来国内外渔业节能减排的研发进展。国内方面,玻璃钢渔船的船型和建造工艺正日益成熟且快速产业化;标准化节能渔船船型研究和船型评选已取得初步进展;包括电力推进、柴电混合推进或气油混合推进的新能源渔船已开始研究示范;循环水养殖技术与设备研究不断深化;高效生态养殖技术装备日益完善;渔光一体化如异军突起,前景可期;太阳能池塘养殖设备研究取得突破,推广潜力巨大;水产品加工废弃物利用技术研究取得丰硕成果。国外渔业节能减排的关注点主要是渔船,对渔业船舶能耗的概况及节油措施、节能捕捞技术以及鱼副产品利用技术等方面的研究开发,都有具体的节能指标和节能方法可供参考。我国渔业节能减排近几年的发展状况,总体上还处于研发、示范阶段。资金短缺、研究积累不足、节能减排意识比较淡薄是现阶段存在的主要问题,需要政府、企业和个人共同努力、逐步解决。

Fishery energy saving and emission reduction is the important measure to achieve the national strategy of energy saving and emission reduction, and is also the inevitable requirement to realize the modernization of fishery. This paper summarized The research and development progress of international and domestic fishery energy saving and emission reduction in recent years. In the domestic, the ship type and shipbuilding technology of FRP fishing vessel is becoming mature and rapid industrialization; the ship type research and selection for standardized energy saving fishing vessel has achieved primary development; the new energy resource fishing vessel which applies electric propulsion, diesel-electric hybrid propulsion and gas-fuel hybrid propulsion technology has started research and demonstration; the research on recirculating aquaculture technology and equipment is deepening; the technical equipment of efficient eco-culture and deep water cage culture are increasingly perfecting; fish-solar photovoltaie integration technology rised rapidly and have broad prospects; the research of solar pond fish farming equipment has made a breakthrough, and it has a huge potential for extension; the research of utilization technology for aquatic product processing wastes have made plentiful and substantial achievements. The tracking study for the international fishery energy saving and emission reduction mainly lies on fishing vessel, including fishing vessel energy saving profiles, the research and development of fishing vessel energy saving measures, energy saving fishing technologies, and the utilization technologies of seafood by-products. There are detailed energy saving indexs and methods for reference. The development status of fishery energy saving and emission reduction in China is at the R＆D and demonstration stage. At present stage, the existing main problems in the field of China fishery energy saving and emission reduction are fund shortage, deficiency of research accumulation, and weak awareness of energy saving and emission reduction. The government, enterprises and individuals should work together to solve these problems gradually.