大型露天矿山生态破坏与环境污染损失的评估

Economic losses assessment for ecological destruction and environmental pollution in large-scale opencast mine

矿产资源开发中生态环境损失的定量评估是矿山环境保护政策制定的重要基础。基于评估指标体系的可操作性,从防护性成本、生态破坏造成的农林生产损失、生态破坏造成的生态服务功能损失、环境污染造成的农作物减产损失、环境污染造成的人体健康损失、恢复治理成本等6个方面,构建了大型露天矿山生态破坏与环境污染损失评估框架,并以三道庄矿山为例,利用遥感技术获取研究区2005—2009年的土地利用与生态破坏数据,结合野外调查和资料整理获得的环境污染相关数据,动态评估了三道庄露天矿山生态破坏与环境污染的损失。评估结果表明,三道庄露天矿山开采4年间共造成经济损失10 7161万元。建立的评估框架可在加强矿山生态保护与恢复工作中指导矿山生态破坏与环境污染损失的评估。

Quantitative assessment of eco-environmental losses caused by mineral resource development is an importantfoundation for the formulation of environment protection policy. However, there isn′t a workable approach to evaluate thelosses of mine eco-environmental damage, yet. This paper established a framework for the losses assessment of ecologicaldestruction and environmental pollution of opencast mine from six aspects, i.e., protective cost, agricultural and forestryproduction losses caused by ecological destruction, loss of ecosystem services caused by ecological destruction, crop pro-duction loss caused by environmental pollution, human health loss caused by environmental pollution, and restorationand governance cost. Then, by using Sandaozhuang opencast mine as an example, the economic losses of ecological de-struction and environmental pollution of Sandaozhuang mine was assessed during the period of 2005-2009, based on theindicators system, variations of land use and ecological destruction data, environment pollution data collected by fieldsurvey and document analysis. The results showed that the total losses of Sandaozhaung opencast molybdenum ore minewas 107.161 million yuan during the past four years. These results could be made as an important reference for the eco-nomic losses assessment of ecological destruction and environmental pollution of mine. They would provide a guideline tostrengthen mine environmental management in China, too.