覆膜滴灌玉米生长指标、耗水量及产量的影响

Effects of Different Moisture Treatments on Corn Growth Index,Water Consumption and Yield of Maize

以覆膜滴灌玉米为试验材料,采用田间试验,设置不同土壤水分控制下限,研究不同土壤水分处理对玉米植株生长指标、耗水量、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:不同土壤水分处理下,玉米株高和叶面积具有相似的变化规律;玉米全生育期需水规律为苗期小,拔节-灌浆期增大,成熟期减小,灌浆期为需水高峰期;各生育阶段模系数存在差异;玉米日耗水强度在整个生育期呈现出中间大、两头小的规律,灌浆期日均耗水强度达到最高,达4.99mm/d;中水分处理GGDE3 WUE最高,达到2.95kg/m3,其对应的产量也较高。通过对产量和耗水规律的分析,得出适合当地覆膜滴灌玉米适宜土壤水分控制下限为苗期65%FC、拔节期70%FC、抽穗期70%FC、灌浆期70%FC、成熟期65%FC。

With corn under plastic mulched drip irrigation as the experimental material, through field experiment and setting different lower limits of soil moisture, the influences of different water treatments on growth indexes, water consumption, yield and WUE of maize are studied in this paper. The results show that the plant height and leaf area have similar change rules under different soil moisture treatments; during the whole growth period, the water consumption of maize is little at seedling stage, increasing at jointing stage and milking stage, decreasing at mature stage, and milking stage is the peak water consumption stage; the mode coefficiences have differences among each growth period; the daily water consumption intensity of maize shows the change rules of large middle and little two ends, reaches the largest value of 4.99 mm/d at milking stage; the middle water treatment GGDE3 has the highest WUE of 2.95 kg/m^3 and the highest yield. Through the analysis of yield and water consumption rule, it can be found that the suitable lower limit for local maize under plastic mulched drip irrigation is 65%FC at seedling stage, 70% FC at jointing stage, 70% FC at heading stage, 70% FC at milking stage and 65%FC at mature stage.