蜂箱的摆放方位对设施草莓蜜蜂授粉的影响

The effect of beehive position on honeybee pollination in greenhouse strawberry

蜜蜂授粉是设施草莓生产配套技术,西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)是设施草莓的主要授粉蜂种。在设施环境中,蜂群的摆放位置对蜜蜂活动有重要影响,本研究通过比较设施草莓园内不同摆放方位的蜂群活动规律及群势下降情况,结果表明,蜜蜂蜂群在设施草莓园内的摆放方位对于蜜蜂访花密度有显著影响(p<0.01),其中蜜蜂蜂箱坐东朝西摆放时,蜜蜂访花密度显著高于其他3种摆放方式;在草莓整个花期授粉过程中,蜜蜂蜂群群势呈现逐渐下降趋势;然而,蜜蜂蜂群在设施草莓园内的摆放方位对群势下降程度无显著影响(p>0.05);蜜蜂访花密度与蜂群群势呈正相关,与草莓开花数量无显著相关性。本研究明确了设施草莓园内授粉蜂群的放置方位对蜜蜂访花行为及蜂群群势的影响,为设施草莓内蜜蜂科学授粉技术提供了一定的理论依据。

Bee pollination is one of the important step in greenhouse strawberry production. Honeybee （Apis mellif- era） is the most widely-used pollinators for greenhouse strawberry. The position of beehive has a significant effect on honeybee activity. Honeybee activity and colony strength were observed and compared in greenhouses with the beehive in different positions. We found that positions of beehive in greenhouse has a significant effect on honeybee visiting density. The highest visiting density was observed in greenhouse with beehive placed in the east. The colony strength decrease with pollination time during the flowering season. However, the beehive position has no significant effect on colony strength. Honeybee visiting density has a positive relationship with colony strength, while it is not related to the flower density. In conclusion, the effect of the beehive position on honeybee activity and colony strength will provide the theoretical foundation for pollination management in strawberry greenhouse.