体液调控神经元在调控秀丽线虫固有免疫中的研究进展

Research progress of body fluid neurons in the regulation of innate immunity in Caenorhabditis Elegans

秀丽隐杆线虫在受到病原菌感染时，会迅速激活固有免疫。神经免疫间的交流可以通过神经系统释放神经递质、神经肽及激素来调控固有免疫反应，包括已知的多巴胺信号通路、TGF-β信号通路和胰岛素信号通路。近年来的研究表明，NPR-1神经环路也参与固有免疫的调控，并且三个体液调控神经元 AQR、PQR 和 URX 是通过 NPR-1神经环路调节固有免疫的。线虫的神经系统只有302个神经元，结构也相对简单，线虫的 npr-1基因可编码与哺乳动物神经肽 Y（neuropeptideY，NPY）具有受体相似的 GPCR，这些优势为研究高等生物神经免疫间交流的分子机制提供了基础。本文就体液调控神经元在调控秀丽线虫固有免疫方面展开讨论，希望可以为高等生物神经免疫间的调节机制提供重要的思路和方法。

Caenorhabditis elegans would rapidly activate innate immunity once being infected with pathogens. Neuro-immune interactions which are through the nervous system to release such as neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and hormones to regulate the innate immune response. Those pathways include known dopamine signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathways. Recent studies show that NPR-1 neural circuits are also involved in the regulation of innate immunity and three neurons AQR, PQR and URX exposed to body fluid are under the regulation of NPR-1 neural circuits. Elegans nervous system has only 302 neurons and the structure is relatively simple and the npr-1 gene of elegans can encode GPCR which is similar to the mammalian neuropeptide Y （neuropeptideY, NPY） receptor, providing an edge for studying higher organisms on neuro-immune interactions. Research progress in relation to the field has been reviewed in present paper.