论钱穆“重常”史观对其政治思想的影响

On Qian Mu's Historical View of Emphasizing on Ordinary State and Its Influence on His Political Thought

"常"与"变"皆为中国古代学术中的重要思想范畴,然"重常"观念常被忽视,且易被等同于有负面意义的"守旧"。钱穆先生分外重视历史之"常"而不重"变",主要体现于其对袁枢《通鉴纪事本末》的批评,如应重视内政,重点关注历史中的正面的、常态的方面,包括和平时期的建设、制度、文化,以及虽不功业煊赫却对后世产生重大影响的历史人物,等等。这折射出钱先生的"重常"史观,并影响其政治思想。他认为,在政治中应更重视继承和建设,反对破坏和反传统;反对迷信于建立新制度;强调重视文化、教化。

The'normal'and 'change'both are the important thinking in the ancient Chinese academic,but the concept that attaches great importance to the normal is often overlooked and is susceptible to the same of that negative sense of'conservative'in the daily significance.Qian Mu attached great importance to'normality'but not'change'in the study of history.This is highlighted in his point of view about Yuan Shu's Tongjianjishibenmo(《通鉴纪事 本 末》).He proposed to pay attention to positive thing,'normality',construction of peace period,system,culture and characfers who have produced major effect in later history.Mr.Qian Mu's emphasis on ordinary state has an important influence on his political thought.The most outstanding performance is that he especially attaches greater importance to inheriting and building,against the destruction and the behaviors against the tradition in politics;he pointed out that we should avoid the disadvantages of superstition in new systems;meanwhile,he stressed the need for paying attention to culture and education in politics.