中国钢铁产业的资本-能源替代与产业升级

Capital-Labor Substitution and IndustrialUpgrading in China’s Steel Sector

在节能减排约束强化条件下,中国钢铁产业升级依赖于能够实现资本替代能源、清洁能源替代高碳能源的有偏技术进步,而其衡量指标便是要素间和能源间的替代弹性.本文基于超对数生产函数建立了中国钢铁行业要素份额方程和AES 替代弹性模型,并利用1990-2012 年的数据估算了要素间以及燃料间的AES 替代弹性以及交叉价格弹性.结果显示,钢铁行业各要素间存在替代与互补关系,其中,资本与能源间AES 互补,资本对能源存在极弱的替代性;电和天然气之间具有较大的可替代性,而煤与其他燃料之间均为互补关系.因此,政府需要推进相应的能源价格政策和产业政策,促进资本对能源的可替代增加,支持节能技术研发、技术改造和效率提高,以达到节能减排目的.

Under the pressure of energy conservation and emissions reduction, industrial upgrading depends on biased technology progress,such as capital substitute for energy, clean energy substitute for fossil fuels in China＇s steel sector. The measure is the elasticity ofsubstitution between energy and non-energy factors. Based on translog production, this paper builds share equations of factors andAES elasticity of substitution model of Chinese steel industry, and estimates AES elasticity of substitution between the energy andnon-energy factors and fuels using the data from 1990 to 2012. The results show that there are substitution and complementarybetween factors. Among them, there is AES complementary between capital and energy, and very weak substitution for capital toenergy. Moreover, there are great alternative between electricity and gas, while complementary relationship between coal and otherfuels. Therefore, the government may promote the corresponding energy price and industrial policies, advance capital substitutefor energy further, and support research and development of energy saving technology, technical reform and improve efficiency toimplementation the goals of energy conservation and emissions reduction.