深水油气勘探开发锚泊事故研究及对策分析

Mooring Accidents and Countermeasures in Deepwater Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

深水油气勘探开发锚泊事故主要包括锚索断开、走锚和制动系统失效等类型,如果控制不当可能造成人员伤亡、生产停产、平台碰撞倾覆和井喷等严重后果。鉴于此,通过调研国内外锚泊事故案例,总结事故失效类型以及各类事故的形成原因、影响因素和失效模式,提出了不同失效类型事故的预防措施和应对策略。分析了典型的外部影响因素对锚泊事故的影响,并提出台风和内波等外因影响下的锚泊事故风险应对策略。研究内容可为我国深水锚泊系统优化设计、制造加工工艺的改进以及风险分析提供参考,从而提高我国深水油气勘探开发过程中锚泊作业安全管理能力和事故应急能力。

Mooring accidents during oil and gas exploration and development mainly include mooring line breaking,dragging of anchor,and braking system failure. Improper operation may cause casualties,production halts,platform collision and overturn,blowout and other serious consequences. In this paper,mooring accidents occurred in the world are studied to identify the accident types,and the cause,influence factors and failure mode of each type of accident. Then,the corresponding preventive measures and response strategies are put forward. The influences of typical external factors on mooring accident are analyzed. The response strategies against external factors like typhoon and internal wave are put forward. The study can provide references for optimization design,manufacturing technology improvement and risk analysis of deepwater mooring system,consequently improve the safety management and emergency response capability in mooring operation during deepwater oil and gas exploration and development.