不同脱毒方法处理棉粕脱毒效果的比较试验

Comparative Experiment on the Detoxification Effects on Cottonseed Meal Using Different Detoxification Methods

[目的]比较棉粕生物发酵法与化学法的脱毒效果,筛选出棉粕脱毒的有效方法.[方法]采用不同生物脱毒剂（M81、EM菌）发酵与常规脱毒方法（硫酸亚铁法、尿素法）脱毒处理棉粕,筛选出生物发酵的适宜发酵条件.[结果]生物发酵脱毒处理棉粕的脱毒效果主要受发酵剂的添加比例和发酵天数的影响,发酵湿度为35％～40％时对脱毒效果的影响不明显.其中,EM菌液添加比例在3％以内时对脱毒效果的影响不明显,而M81的添加比例极显著影响脱毒效果（P＜0.01）.2种生物发酵剂的发酵处理天数显著影响脱毒率（P＜0.05）,生物制剂发酵处理棉粕与传统硫酸亚铁法无明显差异（P＞0.05）.[结论]有益菌液可作为发酵脱毒处理棉酚的有效方法.

t [ Objective] The research aimed to compare the detoxification effects of cottonseed meal by using biological fermentation method and chemical method and screen out the effective detoxifieation method of cottonseed meal. [ Method] The cottonseed meal-was detoxified by using bi- ological fermentation method （M81, EM） and conventional detoxifieation method （ferrous sulfate method, urea method） to screen out the suit- able fermentation conditions for the biological fermentation. [ Result] The detoxification effects of cottonseed meal by using biological fermenta- tion method were mainly influenced by the adding proportion of starter culture and the fermentation days. When the fermentation humidity was 35%-40%, its influences on the detoxification effect was not obvious. When the adding proportion of EM was below 3%, its influences on the detoxification effect was not obvious, but the adding proportion of M81 extremely significantly influenced the detoxification effect （P 〈 0.01 ）. The fermentation days of two biological fermentation agents significantly influenced the detoxification rate（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The biological fermentation had no obvious difference with the traditional method of ferrous sulfate （P 〉 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] The beneficial bacteria liquid could be used as an effective biological fermentation method for detoxifying the gossypol.