多功能组合式全喂入花生摘果试验装置研究

Multifunctional Modular Full-feeding Peanut Picking Testing Device

为深入研究各种形式花生摘果机、摘果部件的工作原理，探究花生摘果过程中的荚果损伤机理、花生荚果分布规律和花生植株动力学状况，进而进行花生摘果机结构与参数优化，设计出一种多功能组合式全喂入花生摘果试验装置，主要由机架、电动机、传动系统、摘果系统、清选系统、变速与控制系统、荚果分布测试系统等组成。该装置作为花生摘果试验平台具有以下功能：通过改变和控制花生植株运动方向，可实现切流单滚筒、轴流单滚筒、切流双滚筒、切轴流双滚筒、轴流双滚筒、双切流横轴流三滚筒和切流双轴流三滚筒7种不同切轴流喂人、摘果方案；通过变频器与机械传动组合式调速方式，实现各摘果滚筒的速度调节；通过格式接料器，可研究各摘果机构的花生荚果分布规律。性能试验表明，该装置可针对不同花生品种及其性状进行不同摘果元件、不同切轴流组合的摘果性能试验，主要参数为：转速200～800r／min，摘果间隙25～50mm，最大喂人量5kg／s。

In order to further study the operational principle of all forms of peanut picker and picking component, explore the peanut pods damage mechanism, distribution regularity and peanut plant dynamics situation, and then optimize the structure and parameters of peanut picker, a multifunctional modular full-feeding peanut picking testing device was designed. It mainly composed of frame, motor, transmission system, picking system, cleaning system, variable speed and control system as well as pod distribution test system. As a peanut picking testing device, it has the following functions： by changing and controlling the moving direction of the peanut plants, seven different kinds of feeding and picking program with tangential and axial cylinder could be achieved, which are tangential flow single cylinder, axial flow single cylinder, tangential flow double-cylinder, tangential-axial flow double-cylinder, tangential flow double-cylinder, double tangential-horizontal axial flow three cylinders and tangential double axial flow three cylinders. And the picking cylinders and the speed between them could be adjusted through the speed regulating of the inverter drive combined with mechanical transmission. In addition, the distribution of peanut pods in each picking mechanism would be studied with the divided material collection box. Besides, it showed that the device could be used to carry out the performance tests of picking with different picking parts and the combination of tangential and axial cylinders. And the main parameters were as follows, rotational speed of 200 - 800 r/min, picking gap of 25 ~ 50 mm, and the maximum feeding quality of 5 kg/s.