基于力矩平衡点法的北京市生态系统服务价值时空分布

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Ecosystem Service Value in Beijing Based on Torque Balance Point Method

以北京市为例,在计算1993年、2001年和2007年三期土地利用生态系统服务价值的基础上,基于力矩平衡点法分析了生态服务功能价值的重心变化情况,研究了北京市生态系统服务价值分布的时空变化及变化原因。结果表明:北京市生态系统服务总价值先增加后减少,从1993年的297.69亿元增加到2001年的299.05亿元,在2007年又降低到292.12亿元;不同土地利用类型的生态系统服务价值的重心转移情况表明,耕地、草地、湿地的价值重心从1993年到2007年,一直由南向北移动,推动了总价值的重心变化,公园绿地、林地的重心变化始终为由北向南;不同功能生态系统服务价值的重心转移情况表明,废物处理、气候调节、气体调节、食物生产、土壤形成与保护、娱乐文化的价值重心由南向北移动,原材料的价值重心呈由北向南移动,生物多样性的价值重心呈由西向东的移动趋势,而水源涵养的价值重心在1993年到2001年由北向南移动,2001年到2007年则是由南向北移动。研究结果为北京市的政府决策和生态环境保护政策制定提供了依据。

This study mainly assesses land use ecosystem service values in Beijing City during the year of 1993, 2001 and 2007. It calculated the gravity center changes of ecosystem service values based on the torque balance point method, and also analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of ecosystem service value distribution in Beijing City. The results indicate that： the ecosystem service value in Beijing City increases from 29. 769 billion Yuan in 1993 to 29. 905 billion Yuan in 2001, and then the value decreases to 29. 212 billion Yuan in 2007. The transmission of gravity center in ecosystem service values is due to the changes of land use. The central values of cultivated land, grassland, wetland have moved from south to north during 1993--2007, which enhanced the change of the total value of gravity center. For instance, the gravities of park green land and forest were always changed from north to south. The changes of gravity for different functional values of ecosystem services illustrate that the gravity center values from waste material, climate regulation, gas regulation, food production, soul formation and conservation, and entertainment culture, move from south to north, and the gravity of raw materials is opposite. For biological diversity protection, the gravity center shifts from west to east. For water conservation, the center goes from north to south and then to north again during the three-year period. The paper provides accurate information for municipal government decision-making, and formalises ecological and environmental protection related policies in Beijing City.