高校校园生态系统可控性

Realization of a controlled campus ecosystem

在环境问题日趋严重的背景下,人类一直在探索将城市生态系统改造成能够自身循环、更好利用可再生能源、同时大幅减少排放的受控系统,但由于该系统的复杂度太高,可控程度较低,其实现难度很大。高校校园可视为比较典型的城市生态系统的子系统,在合理的管控与现代信息技术的支持下,高校校园最有可能实现生态系统可控化建设。对四个主要生态流(物质流、能量流、人口流、信息流)在高校生态系统中的作用进行理论阐述,针对具有中国特色、学生大规模集中居住的高校校园,提出了一种新的受控生态系统改造方案。通过对现有校园生态工程技术进行组装,完成校园生态系统基础构筑。利用综合的校园生态系统信息流管理平台监管校园物质循环、能量流动、人口流动,探讨了可实现的高校受控生态系统的建设模式,最终提出了高校受控生态系统建设的理论模型,以期达到高校校园物质与能源利用效率最大化,降低碳排放,改善局部小型气候群,进而改善环境大气候。研究结果如能较好的应用到实践中,将为城市生态系统建设提供重要参考,意味着现代生态学将为人类发展作出一定的贡献。

The increasing seriousness of environmental problems is becoming a pressing social issue. Much attention is given to exploring ways to change this situation, with ecology being considered the most effective and sustainable solution. With increasing human development, cities have become the most important form of human settlement. Many studies have examined how to reform cities into managed ecosystems that are more self-contained, achieving a greater utilization of renewable resources and less contamination and emissions. In practice, it is difficult to realize such a system, due to the complex and uncontrollable behavior of city flows. However, college and university campuses may be viewed as representing a simplified eeo-city that, through human intervention, is most likely to be reformed into a controlled ecological system through modem information technology and effective management. Thus, the authors investigated the possibility of realizing a controlled campus ecosystem. The study examined the main ecological flows within the ecosystem, which include flows of material, energy, population, and information. The role of the four ecological flows in the metabolism of a campus ecosystem is delineated in this article. At present, a university campus in China typically has many students, faculty, and staff who study, live, and produce there. The campus system has become increasingly energy-intensive and resource-intensive, subsequently discharging increasing quantities of waste to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to reduce these outflows, such that the campus system becomes more sustainable. By recycling and reusing waste-water and solid waste, the campus may be transformed into an independent ecosystem. This process raises the possibility of a new approach to reform typical Chinese campuses. Ecological engineering technologies, such as solar energy, green roofs, the use of heat pumps, and high-tech information collection systems, etc., were applied to optimize the construction of the campus ecosystem. The Information Flow System （IFS） utilized data on human activities and the flows of energy and matter to more efficiently manage matter circulation and energy flow. This paper presents a theoretical model of how to form a controlled ecological system, and discusses the possibility of realizing the construction and management of an ecologically controlled campus. These efforts are expected to maximize the efficiency of energy and material use; thus, reducing carbon emissions and associated climatic and environmental impacts. If this theoretical model could be realized, it would provide a valuable reference for eeo-city construction. Furthermore, this model would make a significant contribution the modern ecology of humans.