页岩气开发环境影响评价探讨

Discussion on Environmental Impact Assessment in Shale Gas Development

中国是继美国、加拿大后第三个对页岩气进行开发利用的国家。但是,页岩气开发的环境影响问题突出,主要集中在大量占用土地、大量消耗水资源、水力压裂水污染风险、页岩气泄漏风险等方面。目前,我国页岩气项目环境影响评价工作,主要依据《环境影响评价技术导则陆地石油天然气开发建设项目》,在污染因子选择及其量化分析上缺少较明确的指导。本文借鉴美国页岩气开发经验,对页岩气开发需要注意的突出环境问题进行分析总结,探讨页岩气开发环境影响评价技术导则应补充的内容,以完善环境影响评价体系。

China is the third country to develop and utilize the source of shale gas after the United States and Canada. However, shale gas development has prominent environmental problems, mainly including the huge occupation of land, huge consumption of water resources, potential water pollution of hydraulic fracturing, and leakage risk of shale gas. At present, China＇ s environmental impact assessment in shale gas projects is mainly based on the Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment--Constructional Project of Onshore Petroleum and Natural Gas Development, which lacks of clear guidance on the selection and quantitative analysis of pollution factors. Drawing on the experience of shale gas development in the United States, the analysis of this paper focuses on the prominent environmental problems in shale gas development and the content that should be supplemented in the Technical Guideline. The purpose of the discussion is to improve the environment impact assessment system.