页岩气开发水力压裂活动的环境监管对策

Countermeasures of Environmental Supervision on Hydraulic Fracturing in Development of Shale Gas

页岩气作为重要的新兴非常规能源,目前已成为全球天然气勘探开发的重点。由于页岩气储层具有渗透率低等特点,需要通过水力体积压裂技术增加页岩地层的透气性才能进行有效开发。然而,水力压裂会消耗大量的水资源,还可能导致地下水环境污染。本文借鉴美国相关经验,提出了我国页岩气开发水力压裂的环境监管对策:基于区域水资源承载能力实施取水许可制度;加强建井评估和压裂备案管理;实施压裂液组分公开;加强对深井灌注活动的管理并鼓励废水回用;对井漏及其可能影响的地下水环境进行跟踪监测。

Shale gas, as an unconventional important emerging energy, has become the focus of natural gas exploration and development in the world. Because of the low permeability of the shale gas reservoir, it is required to increase the gas permeability of the shale formation through hydraulic fracturing technology. However, the hydraulic fracturing consumes a lot of water resources and may contaminate groundwater and surface-water. According to the experience from the United States, this paper presents the countermeasures of environmental supervision on hydraulic fracturing in development of shale gas in China： implementing a water access permit system based on the carrying capacity of regional water resources, enhancing the evaluation of well construction and registration of hydraulic fracturing; disclosing the information of fracturing fluid components; tightening the management of deep well injection operations and encouraging wastewater reuse; and tracking and monitoring the well leakage and the groundwater that may be influenced.