乳酸脱氢酶编码基因在肿瘤中表达及其转录调控机制的研究进展

Progress in research on expression and transcriptional regulation of lactate dehydrogenase coding genes in cancer

肿瘤细胞具有无氧糖酵解增加而线粒体有氧氧化被抑制的代谢特点,而乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)在调节糖酵解与有氧氧化的转换过程中发挥了关键作用。目前,尽管LDH作为生化检测指标用于辅助诊断肿瘤相关性疾病已获得了临床科研工作者的广泛关注,但其不同亚基编码基因的表达调控机制尚不完全明确。本文通过综述LDH亚基编码基因在肿瘤中的表达及其DNA甲基化、微RNA和转录因子等转录水平的调控方式,探索LDH编码基因作为肿瘤临床分子标志物的可行性,以期为更深入地认知能量代谢与肿瘤之间的关系提供理论依据。

Tumor cells are characterized with increased anaerobic glycolysis and inhibited mitochondrial aerobic oxidation. Lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） plays a vital role in regulating the interconversion between glycolysis and aerobic oxidation. At present, as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis of tumor-related diseases, LDH has obtained enough clinical attention, but the expressions of LDH subunit-coded genes and their regulation mechanisms are not entirely clear. This review summarizes the expression pattern of LDH subunit-coded genes in cancer and their transcriptional regulation mechanisms including DNA methylation, microRNAs and transcription factors, in order to analyze the feasibility of LDH coded-genes used as a clinical tumor molecular marker, as well as provide a theoretical basis to discover the relationship between energy metabolism and cancer.