不同干燥方法对光慈姑加工性能和品质影响研究

Effects of different drying methods on processing performance and quality in bulbus of Tulipa edulis

为探索不同干燥方法对光慈姑加工性能和品质的影响,为光慈姑规范化加工方法提供依据,研究了普通晾晒、蒸制、水煮、恒温烘干(40,50,60℃)等8种不同干燥方法对光慈姑外观性状、折干率、硬度、复水率及水分、灰分、浸出物和多糖含量等指标的影响。结果表明,普通晾晒及40℃恒温干燥的光慈姑复水率最佳,但所需时间长、折干率小、硬度大,色泽差,且组织结构发生了明显的变形和皱缩;60℃恒温干燥的光慈姑干燥时间短、含水量低、多糖含量高,但其他各项指标均较差。烫制处理(蒸制和水煮)后的光慈姑虽干燥时间缩短、外观品质较佳,但浸出物及多糖含量降低。50℃恒温干燥光慈姑外观品质与市售光慈姑较接近,硬度最小,折干率最大,复水率较高,浸出物及多糖含量较高,且水分、灰分含量适中。综合考虑,建议选择50℃恒温干燥的方法,与传统方法相比,缩短了干燥时间,还能保证药材质量。

Effects of different drying methods including sun drying,steamed,boiled,constant temperature drying（ at 40,50,60℃） on appearance,hardness,rehydration ratio,dry rate,moisture,total ash,extractive and polysaccharides contents were studied to provide the basis of standard processing method for Tulipa edulis bulbus. The results showed that the treatments of sun drying and 40 ℃drying showed higher rehydration ratios,but lower dry rate,higher hardness,worse color,longer time and obvious distortion and shrinkage in comparison with other drying methods. The treatments of 60 ℃ constant temperature drying resulted in shorter drying time,lower water and higher polysaccharides content. Drying time is shorter and appearance quality is better in the treatment of steaming and boiling compared with other treatments,but the content of extractive and polysaccharides decreased significantly. The treatments of 50 ℃ constant temperature drying led to similar appearance quality of bulb to commercial bulb,and it resulted in lowest hardness and highest dry rate as well as higher rehydration ratio,extractive and polysaccharides content,moderate moisture and total ash contents among these treatments.Based on the results obtained,50 ℃ constant temperature drying is the better way for the processing of T. edulis bulbus.