水氮调控对两种穗型冬小麦品种农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen on Agronomic Traits and Yield in Winter Wheat with Two Spike- Typles

【目的】在大田条件下,研究灌水(W)和施氮量(N)对纺锤型品种农大211和长方型品种新冬20号农艺性状及产量的影响,为冬小麦农大211的推广及南疆地区冬小麦高产节水提供一定的理论依据。【方法】对不同水氮处理条件下两种穗型冬小麦生育期、农艺性状和产量指标的相关研究来确定南疆地区最佳的灌水施氮模式。【结果】纺锤型品种农大211和长方型品种新冬20号在W1N1、W2N1和W2N2三种水氮组合下生育期相同。纺锤型品种农大211在W2N1处理的株高、穗长、穗粒数和产量显著高于其他处理(P<0.5),农大211的穗粒重各处理间无显著差异,千粒重以W1N1显著高于其他处理。长方型品种新冬20号在W2N3处理的株高、穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重和产量显著高于其他处理(P<0.5),千粒重也以W1N1显著高于其他处理。【结论】通过水肥调控措施,冬小麦农大211生育期可与新冬20号相同,纺锤型品种农大211以灌水量300 m3/667 m2,施氮量20 kg/667 m2(W2N1)为最佳,而长方型品种新冬20号以灌水量400 m3/667 m2,施氮量30 kg/667 m2(W3N2)为最佳。

【Objective】Under field conditions,effects of irrigation（ W） and nitrogen（ N） on agronomic traits and yield in Nongda 211 with spindle type- spike and Xindong 20 with rectangular type- spike were studied in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting Nonda 211 with high- yielding and water- saving characteristics in Southern Xinjiang.【Method】Two type- spike winter wheat under water and nitrogen coupling conditions,the growth period,agronomic traits and yield were studied to screen out the best irrigation nitrogen application mode in Southern Xinjiang. 【Result】Two type- spike winter wheat at the W1N1,W2N1 and W2N2 treatments had the same growth period. Nongda 211 with spindle type- spike at the W2N1 treatment,the height,spike length,number of grains,yield were significantly higher than those by other treatments（ P〈0. 5）,but the weight per plant had no significant difference among the treatments. Thousand kernel weight was significantly higher than those by other treatments in W1N1. Xindong 20 with rectangular type- spike at W3N3 treatment,the height,spike length,number of grains,weight per plant,yield were significantly higher than those by other treatments（ P〈0. 5）,Thousand kernel weight was also significantly higher than those by other treatments in W1N1. 【Conclusion 】By means of fertilization and water regulation,the growth period could be the same in two type- spike winter wheat,so we suggest that W2N1 treatment was the best for Nongda 211 and W3N2 treatment was the best irrigation for Xindong 20.