城乡户籍歧视是否趋于止步——来自改革进程中的经验证据:1989-201

Is Hukou Discrimination between Urban and Rural Areas Vanishing?Evidence from the Reform Period:1989-2011

本文应用中国CHNS自1989年至2011年的面板数据,系统地研究了劳动力市场中对农村移民的歧视问题及其演进过程。研究结果发现,较之于城镇本地劳动者,农村移民获得较低的工资,并且农村移民广泛存在着较高的失业率。在分析户籍歧视时,本文采用固定效应模型和条件Logit模型对个体异质性进行了控制,同时还控制了同化效应。结果显示拥有城镇户籍可给劳动者带来正向的工资溢价以及更低的失业率,并且户籍的工资溢价以及降低失业率的效果正在逐年增强。以上表明1989—2011年间我国城镇劳动力市场中对农村户籍劳动者的歧视程度有所增加。

This paper employs CHNS panel data from 1989 to 2011 to analyze the pattern of the discrimination on the rural migrants and its transition process. The result shows that rural migrants tend to earn lower wages and suffer higher unemployment rates relative to their urban local counterparts. We employ a fixed effect model and a conditional logit model to control for the unobserved individual time-invariant heterogeneity as well as the assimilation effect to explore the hukou discrimination effects. We find that hukou provides a positive wage premium and a negative effect to unemployment rate. Furthermore, both effects are increasing in the sample periods. These findings provide evidence of a deteriorating discrimination on the rural migrants in the urban labor market from 1989 to 2011.