石羊河下游农户对生态退化的感知及响应

Farmers' perception and adaptive behavior to environmental degradation in the lower reaches of Shiyang River

石羊河下游生态环境日趋恶化,严重影响和制约着该流域的可持续发展,急需寻求有效的响应策略。本文基于农户调查数据,运用多元回归方法分析了石羊河下游农户对生态退化的感知及响应策略。结果表明:农户对水资源紧缺感知最强烈,对沙尘暴频发感知度次之,对土地荒漠化和盐碱化的感知度较低;坝区、泉山区和湖区农户对水资源紧缺和土地盐碱化的感知强度依次增加,对沙尘暴发生频率的感知强度依次降低;坝区、泉山区、湖区的水资源紧缺响应策略多样化指数和土地盐碱化响应策略多样化指数依次增加,湖区土地荒漠化和沙尘暴的响应策略的多样化指数最高,泉山区土地荒漠化的响应策略的多样化指数最低;不同区域农户对生态退化的响应措施各异,生计资本和农户对生态退化感知度对响应策略有显著影响。结合研究区域的生态和社会经济状况,对上述结果进行了深入的剖析,并在此基础上提出了改善当地生态退化的建议。

The ecological environment in the lower reaches of Shiyang River has been deteriorating fast and limiting the sustainable development of the watershed. Thus the watershed was in an urgent need of effective response strategies for environment degradation. The Shiyang River Basin has the most densely populated, the highest level of water resources development and use, and the most prominent water conflicts. It is the inland river basin with the most severe ecological and environmental problems in China. To understand farmers＇ perception and adaptation strategies to ecological changes in the basin was essential for the development of countermeasures. It was also necessary to have farmers＇ perception on the problems of the ecological environment in order to understand their adaptive behaviors. Using questionnaires and interviews in the lower reaches of Shiyang River, we analyzed perception and coping strategies of farmers in the study area（lake region, Quanshan region and dam region） to water resources shortage, land desertification, land salinization and sandstorms environment in the lower reaches of Shiyang River. The multiple regression model analysis was used to assess the impact of farmers livelihood capital on their adaptation strategies in the inland river basin. The results showed that the strongest perceptibility of farmers was of water shortage, followed by sandstorm frequency, and the last one was of land desertification and salinization. Farmers＇ perceptions of water resources shortage, land desertification, land salinization and sandstorm frequency were significantly different in the different regions of the study area, which mainly due to differences in natural environment, resources endowment and geographic conditions. Farmers＇ perceptibility of water resource shortage and land salinization successively strengthened while perceptibility of sandstorm frequency successively weakened from dam region to Quanshan region, and to lake region. For the dam region, Quanshan region and lake region, diversity indexes of response strategies to water resources shortage and land salinization successively increased. The diversity indexes of response strategies to land desertification and sandstorm of the lake region were highest, that to desertification in Quanshan region was lowest. To cope with water shortage, farmers mainly adopted water-saving technology in the dam region, developed characteristic horticulture in Quanshan region, and reduced irrigation in the lake region. In dealing with land salinization, farmers mainly enhancing seeding, adopted crop rotation and inter-planting in the dam region, improved cultivation, leveled land in Quanshan region, and grew salt-tolerant plants or abandoned saline lands in the lake region. Desertification and sandstorm pressure was mainly concern of the government, which had adopted countermeasures of sand controlling, irrigation and cultivation land reduction, and afforestation. Family labor, per-capita cultivated land, leadership potential, perceptibility of water resources scarcity had remarkable effects on the diversity index of the strategy of response to water resources shortage. Family labor, per-capita cultivated land, fixed asset, trust to the neighbors, and perception on land desertification had significant effects on the diversity index of the strategy of response to desertification. Then per-capita income, trust to the neighbors, water resources shortage, and perception on soil salinization had significant effects on the diversity index of the strategy of response to soil salinity.