玉米杂交种新玉41号和新玉54号种子成熟度与活力关系

The Relationship of Corn Hybrid Xinyu 41 and 54 Seeds between Maturity and Vitality

【目的】研究不同成熟度玉米种子活力差异及变化趋势,确定不同品种种子最适收获时期。【方法】以新玉41号、新玉54号杂交种种子为材料,测定授粉后不同时期种子干重、鲜重、含水量,观察黑层出现时期通过标准发芽试验、田间出苗率调查分析种子成熟度与活力的关系。【结果】两杂交玉米品种种子鲜重均随着成熟度提高呈现出先升高达到一个最大值后开始下降趋势;其干重均随着成熟度提高不断增加,至授粉后48~54 d达到最大值后趋于平稳;含水量随着成熟度的提高一直呈现下降趋势。新玉41号种子在授粉后39 d百粒种子鲜重达到最大值39.1 g,含水量为44.2%;授粉后48 d百粒种子干重达到最大值22.1 g,含水量为35.6%;授粉后51 d出现黑层,含水量为35.6%;授粉后45 d发芽率达到最大值94%,48 d发芽率91.3%,差异不显著;授粉后48 d田间出苗率达到最高值92.3%,此时收获活力最高。新玉54号种子在授粉后51 d百粒种子鲜重达到最大值30.6 g,含水量37.92%;授粉后48 d出现黑层,含水量降至30.9%;授粉后54 d百粒种子干重达到最大值26.6 g,含水量为29.1%;授粉后45 d发芽率达到最大值97.5%,含水量36.2%;授粉后42 d田间出苗率达到最大值94.7%,含水量37.3%,此时收获活力最高。【结论】新玉41号和新玉54号两品种在授粉后42~48 d,含水量35.6%~37.3%,黑层形成前3~6 d收获,均可获得高活力种子。

【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the best harvest time for harvesting the largest quantity corn seeds with the best vigor.【Method】Two maize hybrids,Xinyu 41 and Xinyu 54 were used in this study. The seeds were harvested at different growth stages,and the seed fresh weight,moisture content,dry weight of the harvested seeds were measured. The germination rates and vigor of the harvested seeds were determined using standard germination tests and field investigations. The relationship between of corn hybrid seed maturity and seed vigor and germination rate were analyzed.【Result】Both corn hybrids seed fresh weights increased with the maturity and reached a maximum value,then began to decline; The seed dry weight increased with maturity and reached the maximum value at 48- 54 d after pollination,and then kept steady after that; The seed water content presented a downward trend with the seed maturity. The seeds fresh weight for Xinyu 41 reached the maximum value,39. 1 g per 100 kernels,and the seed water content is 44. 2% at 39 d after pollination. And the seeds dry weight reached the maximum value,22. 1 g per 100 kernels,and the seed water content is 35. 6% at 48 d after pollination. Maize kernel black layer appeared and the seed moisture content is 35. 6% at 51 d after pollination for Xinyu41,and the seed germination rate reached 94% at 45 d after pollination,which had not significant difference from that one at 48 d after pollination; The field emergence rates of seeds reach 92. 3% at 48 d after pollination,which indicated that the seed vigor was the highest at that time. For corn hybrid Xinyu 54,the seed fresh weight reached the maximum,30. 6 g per 100 kernels,and the seed moisture content was 37. 92% at 51 d after pollination at that time. The corn kernel black layer appeared and the seed moisture content was 30. 9% at 48 d after pollination,the seed dry weight reached the maximum value,26. 6 g per 100 kernels,and the seed moisture content was 29. 1% at 54 d after pollination,the seed germination rate reached 97. 5% and the seed moisture content was 36. 2% at 45 d after pollination,however,the field emergence rates of seeds reaches 94. 7% and the seed moisture content was 37. 3% at 42 d after pollination. 【Conclusion】The seed with highest vigor should be harvested at 42- 48 d after pollination,and the seed moisture content was 35. 6%- 37. 3%,and the time was about 3- 6 d before the corn kernel black layer appearing.