育肥肉牛微量元素盈缺状况调查研究

Investigation on Interference of Trace Elements in Beef Cattle Fattening in the Three Eastern Counties in Aksu Prefecture

【目的】有效地防治新疆阿克苏地区东三县家畜微量元素代谢病,合理使用微量元素添加剂,检测土壤-牧草-家畜生态系统中微量元素的水平。【方法】采取调查、实地采样和实验室分析相结合的方法,对库车县、沙雅县、新和县(采样地区)舍饲肉牛进行流行病学调查数据统计,并且对进行采样的135份土壤、牧草、水、牛毛、牛肝样品中的铜、锌、钼、锰、硒、钴和铁等7项微量元素含量进行分析。【结果】三地各样品的分析显示,各个体系内土壤中硒含量正常,其余元素缺乏。库车县牧草中铜处于临界值水平,锌、锰、钴处于适宜水平内,铜钼比例和硒含量过高,沙雅和新和县牧草铜、锌、锰、钴含量缺乏,铜钼比例和硒处于安全范围内。三地水样各元素含量处于正常水平。三地牛毛中铜含量处于继发性缺铜状态,锌缺乏状态,锰、硒处于发病临界值。三地牛肝中各元素含量的分析表明,铜含量明显低于临界值,三地锌、钼、锰、钴含量缺乏,沙雅县牛肝硒含量处于发病临界值,其余两地处于正常水平。【结论】所调查区域部分地区处于条件性铜营养缺乏,有些地方处于原发性铜缺乏状态,三地区所发生的育肥肉牛异嗜癖的主要原因是由于当地舍饲肉牛体内铜、锌、钼、锰、钴营养不足引起。建议改善饲养条件,饲料中填加微量元素预混料或舔砖来补充需要量,否则会导致巨大的经济损失。

【Objective】In order to provide scientific basis for preventing diseases of trace elements metabolism of livestock,the contents of trace elements were investigated and analyzed in the three eastern counties of Akesu,Xinjiang,and what was more,the trance minerals in soil- forage- sheep ecosystem were detected.【Method】The experiments were carried ouiit by combining field investigation methods,field sampling and laboratory analysis to make epidemiological investigation. Statistical data of beef cattle were collected and 7 trace elements contents（ copper,zinc,molybdenum,manganese,selenium,cobalt and iron） from 135 samples of soil,forage,the water,the ox hair and bovine liver were analyzed. 【Result】Analysis of the samples from three area displayed that soil selenium content in each system is normal,the rest elements were not sufficient.Copper content in Kuche forage was at the threshold value,and zinc,manganese and cobalt were at normal level; ration of copper and molybdenum was rather high. Copper,zinc,manganese and cobalt content in pasture of Shaya County and Xinhe County were at the low level,but ration of copper,molybdenum and selenium was in the safe range. Water samples from the three eastern counties were at normal level. The copper content in the cattle hair was at the secondary copper deficiency level,zinc was at low level,manganese and selenium were at the threshold value in the three places. Analysis of the elements in the oxen of the three eastern counties showed that copper content was significantly lower than the threshold,and zinc,molybdenum,manganese and cobalt were at the low level. Selenium in ox liver was at the threshold value in Shaya County,but at a normal level in the other two places. 【Conclusion】The results showed that the investigation of some regions found the primary copper deficiency in some places because of some conditions. The main reason for the occurrence of fattening cattle pica in the three eastern counties was due to nutrition deficiency of copper,zinc,molybdenum,manganese and cobalt in the body of the local beef cattle. Suggestions for improving the feeding conditions were： adding trace element premix feed or brick to supplement the required quantity,otherwise great economic loss would happen.