北疆地区部分肉牛养殖场饲料中潜在风险微生物的检测分析

Detection of Potential Risk Microbes in Feedstuffs from 3 Beef Cattle Farms in Northern Xinjiang

【目的】北疆地区是新疆肉牛养殖业的主产区,大多采用暖季放牧冷季舍饲的养殖模式。了解北疆地区肉牛养殖业饲料安全状况。【方法】选择新疆伊犁和塔城地区3个集约化程度较高的肉牛养殖场,采集101份饲料样品,对大肠菌群、沙门氏菌和霉菌进行检测。按照GB/T18869-2002(饲料中大肠菌群的测定)、GB/T13091-2002(饲料中沙门氏菌的检测方法)、GB/T13092-2006(饲料中霉菌总数的测定)所规定的方法进行检测。【结果】在所检测的101份饲料样品中,66份显示为大肠菌群阳性,检出率为65.3%,其中,精饲料、打瓜藤中大肠菌群最高,达到2.4×105/100 g,麦草、草垛、秸秆中大肠菌群含量都较低,数量低于2.3×102/100g;在所有饲料样品中均未检出沙门氏菌;在所检测的101份饲料样品中100份出现霉菌阳性,检出率为99.01%,其中麦秆霉菌数量最高,达到8.9×104cfu/m L。不同肉牛场、不同饲料和饲料原料大肠菌群和霉菌污染变化不同。【结论】所检测的101份饲料样品中均不同程度受到大肠菌群和霉菌的污染。为肉牛饲料微生物污染风险评估提供了基础数据,为肉牛饲料微生物污染限量标准制定奠定了基础。

【Objective】Beef cattle production is one of the very predominant livestock enterprises. Northern Xinjiang is one of the main areas for beef cattle production,however the microbial background in the feedstuffs which can produce potential risk for beef cattle production is not clear in this area. 【Method】In this paper the Coliform bacteria,Salmonella and Mould were detected in 101 samples of different feedstuffs collected from3 beef cattle farms in Northern Xinjiang according to the methods provisioned in China National Standard,GB /T18869- 2002（ Coliform detection）,GB / T13091- 2002（ Salmonella detection） and GB / T13092-2006（ Mould detection）. 【Result】Results showed that there were 65. 3% positive for coliform bacteria（ 66 /101）,in which the concentrate,vine of Citrullus lanatus possessed the highest number of 2. 4 ×10^5/100 g,whereas the lowest was 2. 3× 10^2/100 g in wheat straw,hay and haystack; None of any Salmonella was detected in 101 samples of feedstuffs; there were 99. 01% positive for mould（ 100 /101） detected,in which wheat straw had the highest number of 8. 9 × 10^4 cfu / m L. The feedstuffs contaminated by Coliform and Mould varied between farms and types of feedstuffs. 【Conclusion】It was concluded that the most feedstuffs in 3 beef cattle farms were contaminated by Coliform and Mould. The data obtained from this investigation has laid certain foundations for contaminating risk evaluation.