历史与旅游:一个研究述评

History and Tourism:A Literature Review

文章通过对国内外旅游史研究相关文献的梳理,系统地总结了旅游史的研究现状,并对其未来的发展提出了一些看法。研究发现,国内外的旅游史研究大体包括旅游史学理论研究、区域旅游史研究、专题旅游史研究和历史时期旅游业研究等几个方面的内容,而在研究方法上,除了传统的旅游学、历史学研究方法外,地理学、管理学、经济学、社会学等多学科研究方法也得到了一定的应用,但交叉学科研究总体比例较小。在未来的研究中,文章认为,首先,应该强化历史学作为旅游史研究的基础学科属性,吸引更多的历史学家进入旅游史的研究中。其次,应该将"旅游"置于更广阔的历史背景下,加强旅游史理论方面的研究。最后,应继续加强交叉学科研究,丰富旅游史的研究内容和研究方法。此外,在旅游史的发展过程中,历史旅游地理这样的子学科也雏形渐现,成为未来的一个重要研究方向。

The purpose of this study is to systematically summarize the current status of research on tourism history and provide suggestions on its future development based on both domestic and foreign literature in this area. Initial consideration suggests that research on tourism history generally includes several topics, such as the theory of tourism history, regional tourism history, specific subjects of historical tourism, and the historical tourism industry. In addition to the existing traditional tourism and historical methods, methods adopted by researchers also include a small proportion of interdisciplinary research methods encompassing the fields of geography, management, science, economics, sociology,as well as other multidisciplinary approaches. Sustained scholarly effort, and the overlapping and interaction of themes and approaches, have resulted in progress towards the establishment of tourism history as a separate and accepted sub- discipline within the field of history. It must be stressed that Towner＇s research plays a pivotal role in the development of tourism history, especially relating to western tourism history. In contrast to western research, tourism history in China has many notable advantages, mainly because China, since ancient times, has attached importance to the compilation of history and, consequently, has preserved significant amounts of tourism resources. Based on the solid foundation of China＇s history research, coupled with learning from the essence of western tourism history research, China＇s tourism history research will undoubtedly make a significant contribution to world tourism history. However, the current theories in Chinese history research require further effort and development. In terms of the history of regional tourism, Europe is the research center for western tourism history. Many scholars, for example, have studied tourism in the Roman Empire and Great Tour. Compared to the west, today, China＇s research on the history of tourism is flourishing. As with contemporary research on tourism, tourism history is divided into different research domains such as the tourist, tourism as product, policy on tourism, the influence of tourism, tourism as a resource,tourism literature and, the current‘hot topic＇, tourism thought. As a sub-discipline, tourism history is constantly being improved. In a long- term perspective, tourism history explores the evolution of the tourist, tourism as a product, tourism as a resource, policy tourism and so on, all of which are of great significance to the development of tourism and the goal of sustainable tourism management. Within the historical tourism industry, scholars pay extensive attention to hotels and travel agencies. Hotels are discussed and analyzed by many scholars both at home and abroad, but few studies have contributed to an understanding of the transportation relating to historical tourism. The China Travel Service in the People＇s Republic of China is a focus of research of domestic tourism history. For future research, it seems that, firstly, we should strengthen the historical component as a basic subject attribute of tourism history and attract more historians into tourism history research. Secondly,＂tourism＂should be placed in a broader historical context and research on tourism history theory should be given a higher priority.Finally, we should continue to strengthen interdisciplinary research to enrich research content and research methodologies. In addition, in the process of the development of tourism history research,historical geography of tourism would inevitably become an important research domain in the future.