对精神病患者歧视状况的大样本调查

Large Sample Investigation on Discrimination against the Patients with Mental Disorders

目的:调查人群对精神病患者的歧视状况,探讨其影响因素及降低歧视的策略。方法:采用歧视精神疾病患者评估量表对公众进行问卷调查。结果:1864名调查对象歧视量表总分与常模无显著差异(P>0.05)。除能力维度评分外,家属、护士及学生3组人群对精神病患者的歧视总分、隔离维度以及危险维度评分存在显著差异(F=30.765,51.447,21.260;P<0.001)。护士和毕业班学生对精神病患者的歧视总分、隔离维度、危险维度评分均显著高于患者家属(F=21.260,P<0.001)。护士的隔离维度评分显著高于毕业班学生(F=51.447,P<0.001)。对歧视量表总分的影响因素为调查对象类别,性别,年龄,文化程度,是否参加过精神、心理知识讲座,与精神病患者接触程度和生活联系程度。结论:调查对象对精神病患者存在歧视,不同类别的调查对象对患者的歧视程度,歧视维度存在差异。护士及学生对患者的歧视比家属更严重。护士在社会交往方面的歧视态度或行为比学生更严重。文化程度越高,参加过精神、心理知识讲座,与精神病患者接触越多,生活联系越紧密的调查对象对精神病患者的歧视程度越低。

Objective： To investigate the public discrimination against patients with mental disorders,and explore its influencing factors and strategies of reducing discrimination. Methods： Using the assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders to assess discrimination attitude of the investigation objects. Results： There were no significant differences in total scores of the scale between the investigation objects and the norm. Except the ability dimension scores,the three groups total scores of the scale,isolation dimension score and risk dimension score had significant differences（ F = 30. 765,51. 447,21. 260; P〈0. 001）. As comparing to the patient＇s relatives,total scores of the scale,isolation dimension scores,dangerous dimension scores were significantly higher in nurses and students（ F = 21. 260,P〈0. 001）. Isolation dimension score of nurses was significantly higher than that of the students（ F =51. 447,P〈0. 001）. Factors influencing the total score of the scale were type of investigation objects,gender,age,educational background,attended psychiatric / psychological lectures or not,contact degree and life connection degree to the patients with mental disorders. Conclusion： Discrimination against patients with mental disorders by the public（ relatives of psychiatric patients,nurses,and students） indeed exists. The degree of discrimination and discrimination dimensions are different in different investigation objects. Comparing to patient ＇s relatives,nurses and students have serious discrimination against the patients. Nurses have serious discrimination attitude in social communication than that of students. Patients with higher level of education,having attended the psychiatric / psychological lectures,with higher degreeof contact,and with close life connection to the patients,will have less discrimination against the patients with mental disorders.