理由给定的社会过程:潜在的问题与拓展的可能——评蒂利著《为什么?》兼论故事的情感意义

Social Process of Reasons Giving:Latent Problems and Expanding Possibilities:Review Why? Written by Tilly and Comment on Emotional Integration of Stories

经历了从宏观向微观、从结构比较分析向机制过程分析转向的蒂利,在其后期作品《为什么?》一书中提出了四种理由给定的方式:惯例、故事、准则和专业表述。本文将对该书有关理由的界定、四种理由给定方式的划分及理由给定之社会过程等方面进行反思,并在此基础上进一步追问蒂利的基本立场。最后,通过分析社会学家舍夫和格拉德维尔对蒂利的进一步拓展与延伸,以说明在蒂利那里仅仅作为一种理由给定方式的故事,所可能具有的更广泛的情感意义和社会整合力量。

Charles Tilly had turned from macro to micro-world and from structural comparable analysis to mechanism progression analysis in his theory. He pointed out four ways of reasoning giving in Why？, namely routine, story, code and technical account. This paper questions Tilly＇s points, especially his research perspective named social process of reason giving. Furthermore, through various comments on his study, the paper makes his points more clearly, and explores the emotional power and social integration of stories by discussing Scheff＇s and Gladwell＇s views.