妊娠期糖尿病高危因素研究

Study on the high risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

目的研究造成妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）发病的危险因素，旨在为GDM的诊治及预防提供一定的临床依据。方法选择2011年11月1日-2015年2月28日在河北省医科大学第四附属医院东院区产科门诊完成产前检查、住院分娩并且资料完整符合条件的2836例孕妇作为研究对象，所有孕妇首诊时登记其血常规检查中的血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞计数（RBC）和红细胞压积（Hct）信息，于妊娠24～28周产检时进行75g糖耐量实验，研究导致GDM的独立危险因素。结果所有筛查对象中GDM发病率为19．50％；年龄、孕前体重、孕前体重指数、筛查时体重、筛查时体重指数、Hb与GDM的发病相关联，而身高、RBC、HCT与GDM的发病不存在关联。结论年龄、Hb、孕前体重指数以及体重指数增加情况是导致GDM发病的独立危险因素，其中Hb可在临床上作为GDM的早期预测指标。

Objective To explore the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）, provide a certain clinical basis for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of GDM. Methods A total of 2 836 pregnant women who completed antenatal examination, had intact data, and gave birth to their babies in the hospital from November 1, 2011 to February 28, 2015 were selected as study objects, hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and red blood cell hematocrits of all the pregnant women were recorded, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted during 24-28 gestational weeks, the independent risk factors of GDM were researched. Results The incidence rate of GDM was 19. 50%. Age, prepregnancy weight, prepregnancy body mass index （BMI） , pregnancy weight during screening, BMI during screening, and Hb were correlated with GDM. Height, RBC, HCT were not correlated with GDM. Conclusion Age, Hb, prepregnancy BMI, and the increase of BMI are independent risk factors of GDM, Hb can be used as a early predictor for GDM in clinic.