胆道恶性肿瘤基础研究现状和展望

The current status and outlook of bisic research about biliary tract cancers

胆道恶性肿瘤是一组高度异质性疾病,包括肝内胆管癌、肝外胆管癌和胆囊癌.根治性手术切除是胆道恶性肿瘤唯一可能的治愈方式.由于胆道恶性肿瘤早期缺乏特异性症状,因此其诊断时多已处于晚期,失去手术时机,预后差.积极行胆道恶性肿瘤的实验研究并深入了解其分子发病机制,已经成为早期诊断该疾病和改善患者预后的新希望.综合近年来关于胆道恶性肿瘤的研究,对其细胞起源、癌前病变、基因突变和动物模型等基础研究现状予以阐述.同时,就胆道恶性肿瘤未来的可能突破点阐述见解.

Biliary tract cancers （BTCs） are a heterogeneous group of cancers that arise in either the intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts or the gallbladder. Radical surgical resection represents the only curative modality for BTCs.Unfortunately, most patients with BTCs will present with unresectable or metastatic disease with poor prognosis.It is a new hope of therapy that be active in experimental study for understanding deeper of the molecular pathogenesis of bile BTCs.We review current advances in cell origin, precancerous lesions, genetic variation and animal models which have shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of BTCs.At the same time, we demonstrate our opinion about BTCs＇ breakthrough point in the future.