分层供水施磷对冬小麦磷效率及产量的影响

Effect of Water Supply and Phosphorus Application in Different Depths on Phosphorus Efficiency and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦磷效率及产量的影响,为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。试验设整体湿润(W1)和上干下湿(W2)2种水分处理,不施磷(CK)、表施(SP)、深施(DP)3种施磷处理,供试品种选用水分敏感型(‘小偃22’)和抗旱型(‘长旱58’)。研究结果表明:磷肥施用深度对冬小麦磷根效率比、磷肥利用效率、磷肥偏生产力(PFPP)及产量的影响随土壤水分和品种而异。2种水分条件下,‘小偃22’DP较SP处理磷肥利用率、PFPp均显著降低(P<0.05),磷根效率比及产量则差异不显著;W1处理下,‘长旱58’DP较SP处理除磷根效率比外其他指标均显著降低(P<0.05),W2处理下则相反,上述指标均显著增加(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,土壤水分供应不足时,磷肥深施有利于提高抗旱性较强冬小麦品种对磷素的吸收利用能力,从而提高磷肥利用率及产量。

In order to provide theoretical and practical references for phosphorus application in dryland, the authors studied the effect of water supply and phosphorus application in different depths on phosphorus efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat. Two water treatments [entirety moist （W1） and moist in subsoil （W2）], three P treatments [no P （CK）, surface P （SP） and deep P （DP）] and two wheat cultivars [drought- sensitive （＇Xiaoyan22＇） and drought-tolerant （＇Changhan58＇）] were designed. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application depth on root phosphorus efficiency ratio, phosphorus utilization ratio, PFPp and yield of winter wheat was different between different cultivars. Under the two water treatments, phosphorus utilization ratio and PFPv of DP treatment were significant lower than that of SP treatment of ＇Xiaoyan22＇, while the difference Of root phosphorus efficiency ratio and yield was not significant; under W 1 treatment, the indexes except root phosphorus efficiency ratio of DP treatment were significantly lower than that of SP treatment, while all the indexes of W2 treatment increased. The study suggested that deep application of phosphorus fertilizer could increase the phosphorus absorption and utilization capacity of drought-tolerantwinter wheat variety, then increase phosphorus utilization ratio and yield.