棉花诱导长柱头杂交制种及配套技术研究

Study on Cotton Hybrid Seed Production by Inducing Long Stigma and Its Supportive Technology

旨在减少棉花杂交制种用工,提高棉花杂交制种工效,降低棉花杂交种子生产成本。采用GA3溶液诱导棉花长柱头,不去雄直接授粉;采用小型强磁高速电动机作为动力,研制小型田间快速采粉器,同时研制与采粉器配套使用的简易授粉器。通过多年的研究,研制出一种新的杂交棉制种新方法,即用100 mg/kg浓度的GA3溶液,处理8~18天母本的幼蕾,每花点滴量150~200μL,开花当天,不去雄父本花粉直接授予母本伸长的柱头上;研制出与之相配套的棉花快速采粉器和低温贮能式授粉器,操作简便,田间采粉速度快,授粉效率高,生产的杂交种子纯度在95%以上,符合国家良种要求。该研究将稳定的诱导技术与采粉器和授粉器结合应用于棉花杂交制种,可节省大量用工,综合提高制种工效30%以上。

In order to reduce labor consumption, improve cotton hybrid seed production efficiency and cut production cost, GA3 solution was applied to inducing cotton long stigma, and cross pollination was made without emasculation. The small strong magnetic high speed motor was used as power, the small-sized pollen collector and primitive pollinator matching the pollen collector were developed. Through years of research, a new method of hybrid seed production was developed, 100 mg/kg of GA3 solution was used to dab young buds of 8- 18 days. The dosage was 150-200 μL per flower. At the flowering day, pollens of male parent were pollinated to elongated stigma of female parents without emasculation. Its supporting devices were developed such as pollen collector and low temperature storage type of pollinator. The main characteristics of these devices were easy operation, rapidness and high efficiency. The purity of hybrid seed was over 95% and met the national requirements of seed quality. This study combined the stable inducing technology, pollen collector and pollinator, and applied them in the hybrid seed production, which could save labor consumption and improve more than 30% of hybrid seed production efficiency.