222例职业性慢性苯中毒患者医院感染情况调查

Investigation of nosocomial infection among 222 cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning

目的探讨职业性慢性苯中毒患者医院感染的特征,为制定医院感染防护措施提供依据。方法选取2006年7月-2014年6月222例职业性慢性苯中毒患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 222例职业性慢性苯中毒患者发生医院感染63例,感染率为28.38%;感染例次数为87例次,例次感染率为39.19%。呼吸道感染36例(41.38%)位居首位。病原菌主要为肺炎支原体与肺炎克雷伯菌,分别占40.90%和18.18%。中、重度中毒患者感染率分别为43.75%和48.00%。随着住院时间的延长医院感染率逐渐上升,住院时间3个月以内患者医院感染率为6.90%,住院时间12个月以上患者医院感染率为81.82%。对医院感染与住院时间进行Pearson相关性分析,r=0.439,P<0.01,说明两者呈正相关。结论慢性苯中毒为职业病患者中发生医院感染的高危人群,以呼吸道感染为主;住院时间愈长,感染风险愈大。护理过程中进行有效地护理干预可降低医院感染率。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of nosocomial infection among patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning,in order to provide references for formulating related preventive measures.Method An retrospective investigation was carried out on the clinical data of 222 patients with occupational chronic benzene poisoning in our hospital from July 2006 to June 2014.Results Among the 222 patients, 63 of them had nosocomial infection, with an infection rate of 28.38%.The case number of infection was 87,with a case-time infection rate of 39.1 9%. The respiratory tract infection ranked first at 41.38% （36/87 ）, with mycoplasma pneumoniae （40.90%）and klebsiella pneumoniae （18.18%）as pathogenic bacteria respectively. Among all the patients,43.75% suffered from medium-degree poisoning,while 48% were of severe poisoning.The rate of nosocomial infection increased gradually with the increase of stay in hospital. Among patients hospitalized for 3 months,the nosocomial infection rate was 6.90%.For those for 12 months,the rate rose to 81.82%.The length of hospital stay was positively related to the nosocomial infection rate.Conclusion Chronic benzene poisoning patients are high-risk population of nosocomial infection among patients with occupational diseases.The infection in respiratory tract was mostly commom.Patients with longer hospitalization time have greater risk of infection.So effective nursing intervention should be conducted to lower the rate of nosocomial infection.