母乳中全氟化合物的污染水平与婴儿暴露评估

Perfluorinated compounds in human milk from Beijing: levels and exposure assessment of nursing infant

为探索北京市产妇母乳中典型全氟化合物的污染水平及婴儿经母乳的外暴露水平及风险.于2011~2012年通过征集母乳捐献志愿者方式采集95份母乳样本,并填写调查表,记录母乳捐献者的人口学特征及居住环境等信息.采用固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定母乳中全氟辛酸及全氟辛烷磺酸的含量,估算婴儿经母乳的每日摄入量并与参考剂量进行比较.结果显示北京市产妇母乳中全氟辛酸含量均值和中位数分别为42和37.4pg/m L,范围在13.4~181.3pg/m L之间.全氟辛烷磺酸含量高于全氟辛酸,均值、中位数和范围分别为66.6、54.5和14~390.3pg/m L,统计分析发现全氟辛酸与体重指数呈正相关但与母乳产出时间呈负相关,而全氟辛烷磺酸则与产妇年龄呈正相关.婴儿经母乳全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸每日摄入量中值分别为4.67和6.81ng/（kg bw·d）,最高值分别为22.66和48.79ng/（kg bw·d）,显示部分婴儿经母乳摄入的全氟辛烷磺酸水平超过了参考剂量,健康风险值得关注.

Two perfluorinated compounds（PFCs）, perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） and perfluorooctanoic acid（PFOA）, were measured in 95 human milk samples collected from Beijing in 2011~2012. The donors＇ personal information, such as dietary habit and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, were obtained by questionnaires. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） analysis indicated that the levels of PFOA ranged from 13.4 to 181.3pg/m L, with the mean and median values of 42 and 37.4pg/m L, respectively. Levels of PFOS were normally higher than PFOA. The levels of PFOS ranged from 14 to 390.3pg/m L, with the mean and median values of 66.6 and 54.5pg/m L, respectively. Body mass index（BMI） was positive related to the levels of PFOA, whereas the time of nursing was negative related to PFOA. For PFOS, only the mother＇s age was found positive relative to the levels of PFOS. Median daily intakes（DIs） of PFOA and PFOS by breast-fed infants were 4.67 and 6.81ng/（kg bw？d）, with the highest DIs of 22.66 and 48.79ng/（kg bw？d）, respectively. The results indicated that the ingestion rates of PFOS for some infants exceed the reference dose（Rf D）, which could lead to possible toxicological impact. Thus, more research is needed to assess possible risk associated to PFCs contamination during early stages of life.