生物-心理-社会医学模式的发展对护理学科建设的启示

The enlightenments of biopsychosocial medicine development for nursing discipline construction

从医学的发展史出发,阐述生物-心理-社会医学模式的形成背景及生物、心理和社会因素的作用,指出生物-心理-社会医学模式在不否认生物医学研究对主流医学进步的巨大贡献的同时,强调病人的经验以及不同时代或文化对身体和疾病认知的差异,认为疾病谱和死因谱的改变凸显心理和社会因素的作用、医学随着自然科学的发展完成了从经验到技术到科学的转型、哲学的认识论与方法论的发展指导并促进医学的发展。同时认为生物-心理-社会医学模式的提出及发展为护理模式的理论构建提供了参考和借鉴,中国护理应下设二级学科并注重基础护理的研究、学习先进的科学方法、加强与其他学科的交叉融合,借鉴西方护理理论构建的思路和方法加强护理理论建设。

Starting from the history of medicine,it elaborated the background,function of biological,psychological,and social factors of biopsychosocial medicine.It pointed out that the biopsychosocial medicine do not deny the biomedical research advances to the mainstream medicine,at the same time,it emphasized the contribution of experience and era differences or cultural awareness of the disease on the body and the patient.It thought that the changing spectrum of disease and death causes highlighted the role of psychological and social factors;the development of medical science complete the transition from experience to technology then to science alone with the development of natural science,with guidance and promote by philosophical epistemology and methodology development.It also thought that the promotion and development of biopsychosocial medicine provides reference for nursing model theoretical construction.There should be set up grade-2subjects under China Nursing.We should focus on primary care research,learning advanced scientific methods,strengthen cooperation with other disciplines with cross-integration,drawing lessons from the ideas and methods of western nursing theoretical construction to strengthen the nursing theoretical construction of our own.