温度对马铃薯棉蚜生长发育及种群增长的影响

Effect of temperature on development and population growth of Aphis gossypii Glover reared on potato

采用新叶圆片法,研究了不同恒温(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)条件下马铃薯棉蚜的发育历期、存活率、生殖力及种群生命表参数。结果表明:棉蚜在马铃薯上的各龄历期和成蚜寿命及产仔期随温度的升高而缩短,世代历期、成蚜寿命和产仔期分别从10℃的17.72 d、53.03 d和26.18 d下降到30℃的4.77 d、14.60 d和6.84 d。完成1代需要的有效积温为110.84日度,发育起点温度为4.56℃。总产仔量在15℃-25℃范围内最高(63.29-69.36头),其次为10℃(40.00头);日均产仔量在25℃时最高(5.61头/日),其次为20℃(3.47头/日)和30℃(3.35头/日)。除在10℃时为Deevey-II型存活曲线外,在其它温度下均为Deevey-I型存活曲线。根据内禀增长率大小排序,25℃是马铃薯棉蚜生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长的最适温度,其后依次为30℃、20℃、15℃和10℃。

Temperature-dependent development,survivorship,reproduction and population growth of the cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii on potato were evaluated at five constant temperatures（ 10,15,20,25 and30℃）. Development periods of various instars,adult longevity and reproduction duration decreased with the temperature increasing,which varied from 17. 72,53. 03 and 26. 18 d at 10℃ to 4. 77,14. 60 and 6. 84 d at 30℃,respectively. The thermal constant for one generation was 110. 84 degree-days and lower developmental threshold was 4. 56℃. The total offspring per female was the most in the range of15℃ to 25℃（ 63. 29- 69. 36 aphids）,followed at 10℃（ 40. 00 aphids） and 30℃（ 22. 80 aphids）.The mean daily offspring per female was the greatest at 25℃（ 5. 61 aphids / day）,followed at 20℃（ 3. 47 aphids/day）,30℃（ 3. 35 aphids/day）,15℃（ 2. 66 aphids/day） and 10℃（ 1. 52 aphids/day）.The parameter estimation of at 10℃ accorded with Deevey-II survival curve,but the survival curves were Deevey-I at the other temperatures. Based on the intrinsic rates of increase,the most suitable temperature for the population growth of A. gossypii in potato plant was 25℃,next was 30℃,20℃,15℃ and 10℃.