白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂学习行为的研究

Study on learning behavior of Sclerodermus pupariae( Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)

肿腿蜂是防治林木蛀干害虫的重要天敌。为了解肿腿蜂搜索寄主的行为机制,研究了白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao搜索和寄生我国重大林木蛀干害虫——栗山天牛Massicus raddei(Blessig)幼虫过程中的学习行为。结果表明,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的记忆效应随着搜索次数的增加而增加。用寄主虫粪和木屑混合物预处理后,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂搜索到寄主的时间缩短。不同学习经历的白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对与寄主栗山天牛相关的气味源物质嗅觉测定结果表明,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂经历栗山天牛幼虫虫粪和蛀屑环境后明显倾向于选择栗山天牛虫粪和木屑混合物,而经历栗山天牛幼虫或辽东栎树皮环境的肿腿蜂对相应的气味选择偏好性不显著。研究结果表明,多寄主型寄生蜂白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂具有较强的联系性学习能力有利于用来防治多种非原始寄主害虫,能够明显提高其对新寄主的寄生作用。

In order to understand the mechanism of Sclerodermus locating concealed host,the learning behavior of Sclerodermus pupariae to rsearch and parasitize oak longhorned beetle,Massicus raddei was investigated in the laboratory. The results indicated that host search time of S. pupariae decreased with increasing search frequency. On the basis of the results of no-choice tests,we found that parasitoids exposed to host associative learning conditions had higher search efficiency than those had no any experiences. A Y-tube olfactometer bioassay was used to examine the effects of adaptive learning experience on the foraging ability of parasitoids for M. raddei larvae. The results indicated that parasitoids were significantly attracted by the volatiles of host larval frass after exposure to the host larval frass. Parasitoids which were exposed to host larvae or oak tree bark had no significant preference to these odors. These findings suggested that adaptive learning significantly enhanced the ability of a generalist parasitoid to utilize a novel host. This may provide a new approach to controlling non-natural hosts using generalist parasitoids.