黑水城出土北元初期汉文文书初探

On the Chinese Documents Unearthed in Khara Khoto in Early Northern Yuan Dynasty

黑水城出土汉文文书在近几年出现了研究的热潮,特别是在《中国藏黑水城汉文文献》出版后,研究更加广泛、深入,但焦点集中在元代,还没有意识到北元文献的重要性。北元是指公元1368年明朝建立后,元朝统治者退回北方,与明政权并存且依然保留元朝政治制度的时期,其史料很少,黑水城文书中有纪年的北元文献共十余件,内容涉及官职、钱粮、律令词讼、站赤、票据、契约、儒学等方面。不仅为研究北元历史提供了第一手资料,而且保存了北元初期直接统治地方的原始记录,这是以往史料中没有的。

The Chinese Documents unearthed in Khara Khoto have brought a research boom, especially after the publishment of the book Chinese Documents unearthed in Khara Khoto, researchers mainly focus on the Yuan Dynasty and do not realize the importance of documents in Northern Yuan Dynasty. The Northern Yuan Dynasty was a period when Yuan rulers returned to the north, and co - existed with Ming dynasty and still retained the political system during the Yuan Dynasty. There are only ten pieces of liter- ature in Khara Khoto documents, involving office, land tax, precepts litigation, station red, bills, con- tracts, and other aspects of Confucianism. It Not only provides first - hand information for the study of the history of Northern Yuan, but also preserves the original records of the direct rule of the northern parts.