福建泉州闽南饮食文化中野生药用植物的利用初探

The Investigation on Utilization of Wild Medicinal Plants in Dietary Culture of Quanzhou,Southern Fujian

采用民族植物学的研究方法和手段,在文献研究的基础上,结合民间调查、标本采集和鉴定及后期整理分析等,初步研究了泉州闽南饮食文化中野生药用植物利用的传统知识。结果表明:1)泉州闽南饮食文化中,可利用的野生药用植物约有56科117属148种,其中野生蔬菜46种、药膳植物37种、代茶植物38种、野果植物22种、调味植物4种、制作凉粉植物1种;2)这些植物中种类较多的科是:菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、唇形科(Lamiaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)、百合科(Liliaceae)、兰科(Orchidaceae)和桑科(Moraceae);3)对各种野生药用植物在区域内的利用状况进行了较详细的分析,对如何传承民间的野生植物饮食文化和保护这些药食两用野生植物资源进行了探讨。

An ethnobotanical survey on the medicinal plant species marketed in Quanzhou, southern Fujian, was conducted in order to document traditional medicinal knowledge and application of medicinal plants in dietary. In ad- dition to literature review, data was obtained using ethnobotanical tools and methods, including personal interviews during field trips, collecting herbarium specimens, and species identification by cross-referencing. The results showed that： 1） There are 148 wild medicinal species, belonging to 56 plant families and 117 genera present in Quauzhou, southern Fujian. Among them, 46 species are edible wild herbs, 37 species are medicinal plants, 38 species are used as tea -substituting plants or herbal tea, 22 species are wild fruits, 4 species are used as spices and 1 species is used to make bean jelly; 2） The plant families which comprise a major part of the pool are Compositae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae and Moraceae; 3） This study explored the utilization of the medicinal plants in Quanzhou area, and proposed methods to inherit the culture of using wild plants in dietary, as well as methods to conserve the edible medicinal wild plant resources.