精神分析视角下自我发生的关键特征

Key Features of Self Forming From the Views of Psychoanalysis

人的自我发展的第一个重要任务是在心理上能区分自我和他人,即自我的发生。自我的发生需要哪些条件?它的出现具有哪些特征?它的出现时间如何界定?追问这些问题,描绘出自我发生的路线图,深化对自我发展历程的理解,使人们能够据此及时创设适宜的养育环境,从而有利于个体健康自我的形成和发展。梳理精神分析学派关于自我发生的观点可以总结出自我发生的4个关键特征:个体主观全能感的减弱和实现感的获得;次级过程的组织和执行;客体识别能力的获得与心理的分离和个体化;客体关系的建立。

The first important task of the development of the self is to differentiate others from self psychologically, that is, self forming. What are the conditions for it to happen？ What are the characteris-tics of it？ How to define the time of occurrence？ To ask these questions, describe the road map of self forming, and deepen the understanding of the process of self development enable us to create a suitable environment which is conducive to the formation and development of individual health. Four critical fea-tures of the self forming and emerging are discussed from the views of psychoanalysis： the weakening of individual‘s subjective sense of universal senses and the achievement of realization sense, the organization and implementation of the secondary process, achievement of object recognition ability and psychological separation and individualization, and the establishment of object relations.