建国初期选拔高中毕业生留学工作的历史考察

A Historical Study of Selecting High School Graduates for Studying Abroad at the Early Stage of the PRC

建国初期,出于满足新中国大规模建设的人才需求,从1951年开始国家启动了大规模的留学教育战略。初期的留学生选拔主要从高校教师、学生和机关干部中选拔,从1952年开始从高中毕业生中选拔留学生,整个50年代新中国选拔近1万名高中毕业生留学苏联(东欧),专业领域涉及国家基本建设的方方面面,尤以理工科专业为多。60年代留学政策作出重大调整之后,选派高中毕业生留学国外主要面向西欧和亚非拉地区,专业则集中在外语。

To meet the demand of conducting large-scale of development and construction at the early stage of the PRC, China has launched a number of government founded oversea study projects since 1951. The selecting process firstly focused on college teachers, college students and cadres of administrative departments. The focus then turned to high school graduates after 1952, with ten thousand high school graduates being selected to study in the Soviet Union（Eastern Europe） during the 1950 s. The candidates were involved in a wide range of professional field especially in science and technology concerning the infrastructural construction of China. Upon great adjustments in the policy of studying abroad in the 1960 s, the project turned its focus on regions like Western Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America, viewing foreign languages as the most popular major.