青年与中老年深静脉血栓形成获得性危险因素对比研究

The acquired risk factors of deep venous thrombosis: comparative study between young patients and elderly patients

目的探讨青年和中老年人下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)患者获得性危险因素的异同。方法回顾性分析334例临床确诊下肢DVT患者的临床资料,根据患者年龄分为青年组(≤44岁,n=86)和中老年组(≥45岁,n=248),比较两组肥胖、吸烟、DVT家族史、DVT病史、恶性肿瘤、静脉曲张、自身免疫性疾病、口服避孕药、慢性肾功能不全、妊娠/产后、骨折、手术、外伤、长期制动等发病危险因素。结果青年组DVT获得性危险因素依次为妊娠/产后(29.1%)、肥胖(10.5%)、手术(9.3%)、口服避孕药(8.1%),中老年组依次为骨折(20.6%)、恶性肿瘤(17.3%)、肥胖(13.3%)、手术(12.9%);两组妊娠/产后、口服避孕药、自身免疫性疾病、恶性肿瘤、骨折间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论下肢DVT致病获得性因素存在年龄差异,青年人以妊娠/产后、肥胖等因素居多,中老年人以骨折、恶性肿瘤因素居多,临床治疗和预防过程中要充分考虑年龄因素的差异。

Objective To investigate the similarities and differences in the acquired risk factors of deep venous thrombosis （DVT） of lower extremities between young patients and elderly patients. Methods The clinical data of 334 patients with DVT of lower extremities were retrospectively analyzed. According to age the patients were divided into young group （ ≤44 years old, n=86） and elderly group （ ≥45 years old, n=248）. Risk factors, including obesity, smoking habit, family history of DVT, personal history of DVT, malignant tumor, varicose veins, autoimmune disease, use of oral contraceptives, chronic renal dysfunction, pregnancy/postpartum, facture, surgery, trauma, long-term immobilization, etc. were recorded, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results In the young group, the acquired risk factors in order were as follows： pregnancy/postpartum （29.1%）, obesity （10.5%）, surgery （9.3%） and use of oral contraceptives （8.1%）, while in the elderly group the acquired risk factors in order were as follows： facture （20.6%）, malignant tumor （17.3%）, obesity （13.3%） and surgery （12.9%）. Statistically significant differences in pregnancy/postpartum, use of oral contraceptives, autoimmune disease, malignant tumor, facture existed between the two groups （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The acquired risk factors of lower extremity DVT have age difference; in young patients the main risk factors are pregnancy/postpartum and obesity, while in elderly patients the common risk factors are facture and malignant tumor. In clinical treatment and prevention of lower extremity DVT, the age difference should be fully taken into consideration.