天津市中学生亚健康状况及其影响因素研究

Study on sub-health state and influencing factors among middle school students in Tianjin

目的获得天津市中学生亚健康状况检出率,并分析其主要影响因素,为有针对性地提出改善中学生健康状况提供科学依据。方法以青少年亚健康多维评定问卷为核心编制中学生亚健康调查问卷。以天津市中学生为目标人群,采用分层随机整群抽样的方法选取研究对象进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 18.0进行统计描述与分析。结果共发放调查问卷4 500份,其中有效问卷4 011份。天津市中学生躯体、心理、身心亚健康状态检出率分别为19.85%、16.26%、16.60%,均高于全国平均水平。拟合的二分类Logistic回归模型显示:高中、被动吸烟、不规律早餐、营养不良、对学习条件不满意、网络成瘾、有负性事件经历等是中学生亚健康状态可能的危险因素(均有P<0.05);成绩中等以上、锻炼(或娱乐)频率高是亚健康状态可能的保护因素(均有P<0.05);其中网络成瘾与亚健康的关系最为密切(OR=3.715,P<0.001)。结论亚健康是多种影响因素共同作用的结果,中学生的健康成长需要家庭、学校和社会多方面的教育和关注。

Objective To study the distribution of sub-health and its influencing factors among middle school students in Tianjin, and to provide evidences for prevention and control of the status of sub-health. Methods Sub-health questionnaire for middle school students was designed based on Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents （MSQA）. A sample of middle school students from 6 districts of Tianjin was recruited with stratified cluster sampling strat- egy. Statistical description and data analysis were conducted using the SPSS 18.0. Results A total of 4 500 question- naires were distributed and 4 011 effective questionnaires were received. The detection rate of physical, psychological and psychosomatic sub-health status of Tianjin middle school students were 19.85% , 16. 26% and 16. 60%, respectively. The results were higher than that of national average. The binary Logistic regression model demonstrated that senior high school stage, passive smoking, irregular breakfast, self-assessed malnutrition, dissatisfaction with learning results, internet addic- tion disorder, negative events experience were potential risk factors for middle school students＇ sub-heahh status （all P 〈 0.05 ） , while grade of medium or above, high frequency of physical exercise （ or entertainment） were potential protective factors （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Interuet addiction disorder was the most significant influencing factor of sub-health（ OR = 3. 715, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions Sub-health was a result caused by multiple influencing factors. Proper interventions should be taken by family, school and society to improve middle school students＇ health.