陕南贫困农村地区婴幼儿贫血现状及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the influencing factors of infant anemia in underdeveloped rural areas of southern Shannxi

目的调查陕南贫困农村地区婴儿的贫血状况，分析贫血的相关因素，继而提出有针对性的预防措施。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样，在我国陕南贫困农村地区抽取的样本村内所有6—11个月的婴儿，通过对其进行体格检查和其看护人问卷调查获得相关数据并运用多因素Logistic回归分析婴儿贫血的主要影响因素。结果本次研究调查得到的951例样本，月龄为6—11个月，男女比例为1．12：1，婴儿的贫血患病率为54．26％；婴儿补充微量元素（OR=0．78，P=0．032）、配方奶喂养（OR=0．62，P〈0．001）和母乳喂养持续时间（OR=0．92，P〈0．001）是婴儿贫血保护因素；患病因素（OR=1．48，P〈0．001）、六个月后仍完全母乳喂养（OR：1．20，P=0．040）是婴儿贫血的危险因素。结论陕南贫困农村地区的婴儿贫血患病情况处于较为严重的状态，提倡母乳和配方奶喂养、及时合理的辅食添加、科学补充微量营养素，是预防婴儿贫血发生的有效途径。

Objective To investigate the situation of infant anemia in poor rural areas of southern Shannxi, and analyze the infant anemia factors so as to formulate the effective intervention strategies and techniques against the infant ane- mia. Methods Samples were collected from all infants at age of 6-11 months in the village through Multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Logistic regression analysis was used for the survey data from questionnaire and physical examina- tion. Results The age ranged from 6 to 11 month in 951 infants and the prevalence of the infant anemia was 54. 26%. In- fant micro-nutrient supplementation （ OR = 0. 78, P = 0. 032 ） , formula-fed （ OR = 0. 62, P 〈 0. 001 ） and breast feeding （ OR =0. 92, P 〈0. 001 ） were protective factors of anemia. The diseased factors（ OR = 1.48, P 〈 0. 001 ） and the exclu- sive breast feeding after six months （ OR = 1.20, P = 0. 040） were risk factors of infants anemia. Conclusions The situa- tion of infant anemia in poor rural areas of southern Shannxi is relatively severe. Advocating breast-feeding and formula-feed- ing, reasonable and timely complementary feeding and micro-nutrient supplementation are effective ways of infant anemia preventor.