五大臣政治考察团归国后的教育论争——兼论教育与政治改革之序

Study on the Educational Debate afterwards Five Ministers Political Delegation's Return ——Reform Order of Education and Politic

五大臣政治考察团在归国后,载泽、端方、戴鸿慈等大臣分别受到慈禧太后召见,他们对于宪政的看法也影响了清廷高层,并引起了教育与立宪问题的大讨论。立宪派中的激进派、缓进派及考察大臣、革命党人也在"庙堂"与"江湖"开展了论争。虽然各派对于立宪的进程持不同意见,但教育始终成为一个绕不开的话题。鉴于教育问题不如立宪问题那样敏感,教育革新逐渐凝聚成了社会共识。清廷高层在社会舆论的推动下,实施了一系列的教育改革的措施,从而加速了中国教育近代化的进程。

After the Five Ministers Political Delegation＇s return, Zai Ze, Duan Fang, Dai Hongci and other ministers were summoned by Empress Dowager Ci xi. Their perspectives on constitutionalism affected top leaders of Qing dynasty, which gave rise to a major discussion on education and constitutionalism. Among the constitutionalists, the radicals, the progressives, delegating ministers and the revolutionary launched debate in Miao Tang and Jiang Hu. Though factions hold different view on constitutionalism development, education was always a tough issue. Given education is much less sensitive than constitutionalism, education reform was gradually developed as the social consensus. Facilitated by the social opinion, top leaders of Qing dynasty carried out a series of education initiatives, which accelerated the process of education modernization in China.