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儿童肺炎致塑形性支气管炎36例 被引量:21

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摘要 目的探讨儿童肺炎致塑形性支气管炎的临床特点。方法36例以肺炎起病的塑形性支气管炎患儿。男20例、女16例;年龄10个月~13岁[(4.5±2.7)岁];所有病例于入院6h内接受可曲式纤维支气管镜检查,静脉麻醉下采用经麻醉喉罩入路进镜方式,观察堵塞范围,经活检孔道吸引或钳出塑形。回顾性分析其临床表现、治疗及转归特点。结果36例患儿均以肺炎起病,12例伴有呼吸窘迫和/或低氧血症而需呼吸支持,病程3~7d(4.2±2.8)d;影像学表现为肺不张/肺实变、严重者可累及1/2以上肺野。接受可曲式纤维支气管检查,镜下表现为支气管堵塞,经镜取出“支气管树”样塑形而确立诊断,同时行支气管灌洗术可有效改善通气、伴低氧血症者可迅速纠正氧合。病原学检查提示肺炎支原体为主要病原,支气管肺泡灌洗液培养示肺炎链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主要菌种。痰栓病理结果表明为以黏蛋白和纤维素伴炎性细胞浸润为特点的I型塑形。病例均存活出院,住院时间为(10.3±2.9)d,出院时30例(83.3%)肺完全复张,余6例(16.7%)不张范围〈1/2肺段,随访4周均完全复张。结论儿童肺炎致塑形性支气管炎为I型塑形,主要表现为肺不张/肺实变,可曲式纤维支气管镜可明确诊断,同时行镜下痰栓取出并灌洗术可获得良好预后,尤其是伴有呼吸窘迫和/或低氧血症者应早期实施。
出处 《中华实用儿科临床杂志》 CSCD 北大核心 2015年第22期1746-1747,共2页 Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
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共引文献27

同被引文献161

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