公众对精神分裂症患者歧视的相关因素研究

Study on related factors of social discrimination for schizophrenia

目的探讨公众对精神分裂症患者歧视的相关因素。方法采用一般资料调查问卷和歧视精神疾病患者评估量表作为调查工具,对661例公众采用方便抽样和问卷调查法进行调查,比较不同亚组的量表评分,采用多元线性回归分析影响量表评分的相关因素。结果 661名公众的歧视精神疾病患者评估量表总分(2.06±0.62)分,隔离、危险及能力维度评分分别为(1.17±0.41)、(2.18±0.79)及(1.64±0.63)分。歧视精神疾病患者评估量表的隔离维度的评分与类别、性别、文化程度及与患者的接触程度有关(P<0.05);危险维度的评分与类别、性别、文化程度、与患者的接触程度及生活联系程度有关(P<0.05);能力维度的评分与参加过精神疾病知识讲座、与患者的接触程度有关(P<0.05);总分与类别、性别、文化程度、与患者的接触程度及生活联系程度有关(P<0.05)。结论类别、性别、文化程度、与患者的接触程度及生活联系程度是影响公众对精神分裂症患者歧视程度的重要因素,政府及医疗机构应针对性地采取干预措施,加大宣传力度,积极开展知识讲座,尽可能消除患者的病耻感,促进其疾病的康复。

[ Objective ] To study the related factors of social discrimination for schizophrenia. [ Methods ] The general information questionnaire and assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders were survey instruments. 661 public received the convenience sampling and questionnaire investigation. The scores of scale were compared among different sub-groups. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the related factors affecting the scores. [Results] The total score of assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders in 661 public was （2.06 ± 0.62） points, and the isolation, dangerous, capacity dimension scores were （1.17 ± 0.41） points, （2.18 ± 0.79） points, （1.64 ± 0.63） points. The score of isolation dimension was related with type of investigation objects, gender, educational background, contact degree to patients （P 〈 0.05）. The score of dangerous dimension was related with type of investigation objects, gender, educational background, contact degree and life connection degree to patients （P 〈 0.05）. The score of ability dimension was related with participation in lectures of mental disorders and contact degree to patients （P 〈 0.05）. The total score was related with type of investigation objects, gender, educational background, contact degree and life connection degree to patients （P 〈 0.05）. [Conclusion] The type of investigation objects, gender, educational background, contact degree and life connection degree to patients were important factors affecting the social discrimination for schizophrenia. Government and medical institutions should take targeted intervention measures, improve the publicity efforts and actively carry out lectures, as far as possible to eliminated the stigma of patients and promote the rehabilitation of disease.