棉花对盐胁迫的响应机制及缓解措施的研究进展

Research Progress of Response Mechanisms of Cotton to Salt Stress and Mitigation Measures

盐分是阻碍作物生长发育的重要逆境之一。归纳了盐胁迫对棉花生长发育、产量和品质的影响;分析了棉花适应盐逆境、减轻伤害的自我调节和响应机制,包括渗透调节、膜脂调节、离子分布和分子机制;总结了耐盐品种选育、栽培管理技术和分子育种等缓解棉花盐胁迫的主要措施;最后提出棉花耐盐相关研究的方向:分子机理与生理机制相结合;常规栽培措施与理化手段相结合;遥感监测系统的开发与应用。

Salinity was one of the important adversities which could hinder crop growing development. Thisarticle summarized the salt stress influence on cotton growth, yield and quality, analyzed the self-regulatoryand response mechanism of cotton to the salt adversity to reduce the damage, including osmotic adjustment,membrane lipid regulation, ion distribution and the molecular mechanism, and summed up the measures ofalleviating salt injury, including salt tolerance breeding, cultivation management techniques and molecularbreeding. Finally the future direction of cotton salt tolerance research was proposed： the combination ofmolecular mechanism and physiological mechanism; the combination of conventional cultivation measures andphysical and chemical methods; the development and application of remote sensing monitoring system.