资本转化视角下助学贷款的社会流动效应分析

Analysis on Social Mobility Effect of Student Loans from the Perspective of Capital Transformation

研究基于资本转化视角,利用问卷调查所得数据,对助学贷款的社会流动效应及其发生机制进行了实证分析。研究发现:贫困生获得助学贷款,其实质是获得一定数量的经济资本。这些经济资本在高等教育场域内,转化为数量更多、质量更优的文化资本、人力资本与社会资本,改善了贫困生的资本总量与资本结构,提高了贫困生在社会地位市场中的竞争力,有效促进了贫困生向上社会流动,助学贷款社会流动效应的发生机制就是资本转化。为了促进贫困生更好地向上社会流动,我国应加快助学贷款立法步伐、扩大助学贷款覆盖面和增强助学贷款的"育人"功能。

From the perspective of capital transformation, using data collected from questionnaire investigation, the research carries an empirical analysis on the effect and mechanism of student loan. The study finds that the student loans for needy students are certain amounts of economic capital in essence. In higher education field, the capital is transformed to be cultural capital, human capital and social capital in larger number and with better quality. The three kinds of non-economic capital increase the total capitalization, optimize the capital structure and enhance the competitiveness of the needy students in the social status market ,leading to effective promotion of upward mobility for needy students. At this point, the mechanism of student loans ,which exerts social mobility effect through the indirect path, is capital transformation. In order to promote upward mobility for needy students, this paper proposed a series of policy recommendations such as accelerating the speed of student loans legislation, expanding the coverage of student loans and stressing the educational purpose of student loans.