职业隔离与教育投资的互动效应 对我国城镇劳动力市场城乡歧视的分析

The Interactive Effects of Occupational Segregation and Education Investment:Analysis of Employment Discrimination against Rural Labors in Chinese Urban Labor Market

建立在户籍制度上的职业隔离是我国城镇劳动力市场城乡歧视的主要原因。除了户籍,城乡劳动力教育水平的差异也会导致劳动力市场的职业隔离,而职业隔离又会影响城乡学生的教育选择。本文把职业隔离和教育投资的选择结合起来,研究二者对我国城乡劳动力资源再分配的影响。数值模拟结果发现,只要职业隔离得到改善,我国的城乡劳动力会重新配置,社会总产出也会增加。但是农村学生选择减少教育投资,而城镇学生选择增加教育投资,城乡劳动力教育水平差异加大,二者职业隔离状况又会加剧。只有实现城乡教育资源的公平,农村学生才会更多的选择教育投资,缩小与城镇劳动力的教育水平差距,城乡劳动力职业隔离才能从根本上消除。因此要想消除城乡劳动力市场的职业隔离,除了取消对农村劳动力的就业歧视政策以外,还要改善城乡教育资源不平等的状况。

Occupational segregation caused by the household registration system becomes the main reason for employment discrimination against rural labors in Chinese urban labor market. In addition, educational level gap between urban and rural labors also leads to occupational segregation which further influences the educational choices of urban and rural students＇. This paper combines occupational segregation and choice of education investment to study their influence on the redistribution of China＇s urban and rural labor resources. The numerical simulation results show that as long as occupational segregation is reduced, urban and rural labors in the market will be reallocate,contributing to the increase of social total output. On the other hand if rural students choose to reduce their education investment while urban students choose to increase ,the educational level gap between urban and rural students will be widen,finally aggregating their occupational segregation. It is when urban and rural education have access to equal resources that rural students will increase their education investment.It is when the educational level gap between urban and rural labors is eradicated that occupational segregation will be removed. Therefore to eliminate occupational segregation, apart from to abolish discriminative employment policies against rural labors,we need to improve the situation of inequality between urban and rural education resources.