伊犁河谷引进苹果品种品质及营养成分分析

Analysis of Fruit Quality and Nutrient Components of Apple Species Introduced in Yili River Valley

为了解‘蜜脆’、‘红盖露’、‘华硕’3个苹果品种在伊犁河谷的果实表现特性,对其品质及营养成分进行测定和分析。结果表明：3个苹果品种平均单果重介于190～280 g,为大果型,果形指数介于0.81～0.89,果形较端正;‘红盖露’的果实硬度高达11.7 kg/cm2,口感较硬,其次是‘华硕’（8.8 kg/cm2）,‘蜜脆’口感酥脆,硬度最低为8.1 kg/cm2;三者的可溶性固形物含量介于13.6%～16.4%,普遍高于‘红富士’和‘嘎啦’,固酸比高低依次为‘华硕’（6.07/1）、‘蜜脆’（4.08/1）、‘红盖露’（2.80/1）,华硕果实口味甜酸、蜜脆酸甜适口,而红盖露酸甜;果实水解后还原糖含量为10.8%～13.2%、还原糖含量为7.0%～8.4%、Vc含量为2.53～2.90 mg/100 g;3个苹果品种矿物质营养元素含量大小分布趋势一致,矿物质元素含量大小排序为K〉P〉Mg〉Ca〉Na〉Cu〉Fe〉Zn;不同苹果品种矿物质含量差异显著,‘蜜脆’苹果中含量最高的是K、P,‘华硕’苹果中含量最高是Mg、Na和Cu,‘红盖露’苹果中含量最高的是Zn、Fe、Ca。3个苹果品种品质及营养成分综合性状优良,适宜在伊犁河谷推广。

In order to learn fruit characteristics of Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp＇, Malus domestica ‘Gale Gala＇ and Malus domestica ‘Huashuo＇ in Yili River Valley, the fruit quality and nutrient components of the 3 apple species were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the average fruit mass was 190-280 g and fruit shape index was 0.81-0.89. The three species had fruit shape correctly and belonged to the big fruit apple species. The fruit firmness of Malus domestica ‘ Gale Gala＇ was as high as 11.7 kg/cmz, and the fruit had hard texture. The fruit firmness of Malus domestica‘Huashuo＇ was 8.8 kg/cm2. The fruit firmness of Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp＇ fruit firmness was 8.1 kg/cm2, and the fruit was tasted sour and crispy. The soluble solids content of the three species was 13.6%-16.4%, higher than that of the ‘Fuji＇ and ‘Gala＇ generally. Malus domestica ‘Huashuo＇ had the highest ratio of soluble solids content to acid （6.07/1）, the second was Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp＇ （4.08/1）, and the lowest was Malus domestica ‘Gale Gala＇ （2.80/1）. Malus domestica ‘Huashuo＇ tasted sweeter and Malus domestica‘Gale Gala＇ tasted sourer. Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp＇ tasted sour, crispy and delicious by comparison 10.8%-13.2%, reducing sugar distribution trend for 8 mineral content was 7.0%-8.4%. The elements in three apple species The hydrolysis of reducing sugar content was content of Vc was 2.53-2.90 mg/100 g. The was consistent. The order of mineral element content was K〉P〉Mg〉Ca〉Na〉Cu〉Fe〉Zn. The mxneral element content was slgmtlcanny amerent among different apple species. K, P content of Malus domestica ‘Honeycrisp＇ was the highest, Mg, Na and Cu content ofMalus domestica ‘Huashuo＇ was the highest, and Zn, Fe and Ca content ofMalus domestica ‘Gale Gala＇ was the highest. The three apple species have good comprehensive characters of quality and nutrient components, and are suitable for popularization in Yili River Valley.