不同肥料处理对两个甘蔗新品种生长、产量及土壤性状的影响

Effects of different fertilizer treatments on growth and yield of two new sugarcane varieties and soil properties

【目的】探讨不同肥料处理对甘蔗生长、产量及土壤性状的影响,为甘蔗节本增效栽培提供参考。【方法】以甘蔗新品种粤糖60号和桂糖31号为试验材料,按等量施肥原则,应用3种不同肥料,以常规施肥作为对照,研究缓释—无机肥配施、有机—无机肥配施对1年新植与1年宿根甘蔗生长、产量及土壤理化性状的影响。【结果】与常规施肥处理相比,缓释—无机肥配施、有机—无机肥配施处理均能有效提高甘蔗萌芽率、分蘖率、株高、蔗茎产量,但对甘蔗茎径、有效茎数影响不显著(P>0.05)。其经济效益分析结果表明,有机—无机肥配施处理的经济效益最佳,粤糖60号比对照增收14941.4元/ha,桂糖31号比对照增收15058.9元/ha,其次是缓释—无机肥配施处理,两个甘蔗品种分别比其对照增收7225.1和3198.1元/ha。缓释—无机肥配施、有机—无机肥配施处理均能提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量,但以有机—无机肥配施处理改善土壤酸性效果最优。【结论】有机—无机肥配施是提高甘蔗产量和经济效益最有效的施肥方式,并能显著改善土壤理化性状。

[Objective ]The effects of different fertilizer treatments on growth and yield of sugarcane and soil properties were investigated, in order to provide reference for high-efficiency and cost-saving cultivation technique of sugarcane. [Method]With two new sugarcane varieties（Yuetang 60 and Guitang 31 ） as materials and conventional fertilization as control, the field experiment was conducted on the principle of equal application rate by using different combined fertilizers, viz., slow-release fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer. Then the effects of different combined applications on growth and yield of one-year newly planted and one-year ratoon sugarcane and soil properties were studied. [Result]The results showed that compared with the control, the combined application slow-release fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer,and combined application of organic fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer could effectively increase seedling emergence rate, tillering rate, plant height and cane yield, while had no significant effect on stalk diameter and effective stalk number. The economic benefit analysis indicated that, under combined application of organic fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer, the economic benefit reached up to the highest level, the economic benefitS of Yuetang 60 and Guitang 31 were 14941.4 and 15058.9 Yuan/ha higher than those of their controls, respectively, respectively, followed by combined application of slow-release fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer. Under combined application of slow-release fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer, the economic benefit of Yuetang 60 and Guitang 31 were 7225.1 and 3198.1 Yuan/ha higher than those of their controls. Furthermore, the above two combined applications could improve soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and organic matter. And the combined application of organic fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer had the best improving effect on soil pH. [Conclusion]The combined application of organic fertilizer ＆ inorganic fertilizer is the most effective method to increase sugarcane yield and economic benefit, and improve soil physicochemical properties.