桂林市落叶果树的需冷量研究

Chilling requirement of deciduous fruit trees in Guilin city

【目的】分析桂林市落叶果树需冷量,为其落叶果树发展提供理论依据。【方法】根据桂林市2007～2015年每年12月20日～次年3月20日及桂林市灵川县4个观测点2013～2015年每年12月20日～次年3月20日的温度记录资料,运用≤7.2℃模型、0～7.2℃模型和犹他模型3种需冷量估算模型,估算不同海拔高度下桂林市落叶果树的需冷量。【结果】随着海拔高度的增加,落叶果树的低温积累时数随之增加,当海拔达500 m时,落叶果树的低温积累时数达861 h,能满足大多数落叶果树需冷量的要求;在桂林市灵川县的4个观测点中,小平乐村和上黄皮江村落叶果树的低温积累时数均在800 h以上,比较适合发展落叶果树,西江山庄低温积累时数448 h,不适宜发展落叶果树,垒底村低温积累时数为561 h,不适宜发展需冷量要求较高的果树品种。在南方具有＂暖冬＂的特殊气候条件下,0～7.2℃模型更适用于估算当地落叶果树的需冷量。【结论】在桂林市发展落叶果树,应选择需冷量要求适中的落叶果树品种,并在海拔500 m以上的地区建园;灵川县小平乐村和上黄皮江村适合发展落叶果树,而西江山庄不适宜发展落叶果树,垒底村只适宜发展需冷量要求较低的品种。

[Objective]The chilling requirement of deciduous fruit tree in Guilin city was analysed, in order to provide theoretical basis for development of deciduous fruit trees. [ Method ] Based on annual recorded temperature data from Guilin （December 20 to March 20 next year） during 2007-2015, and 4 observation stations of Lingchuan county, Guilin （December 20 to March 20 next year） during 2013-2015, the chilling requirements of deciduous fruit trees in Guilin city at different altitudes were estimated by using three kinds of estimation models（ ≤7.2 ℃ model, 0-7.2 ℃ model and Utah model）. [Result]The results showed that, with the increase of altitude, the low-temperature cumulative hours of deciduous fruit trees also increased. And when the altitude was 500 m, the low-temperature cumulative time of deciduous fruit trees reached up to 86l h, which could satisfy most of deciduous fruit trees＇s requirement for chilling. In addition, the low-temperature cumulative time of Xiaopingle and Shanghuangpijiang villages was more than 800 h among 4 observation stations of Lingehuan county, thus the Xiaopingle and Shanghuangpijiang villages were more suitable for developing deciduous fruit trees. Besides, the low-temperature cumulative time of Xijiang village was 448 h, which was not suitable for developing deciduous fruit trees. And the low-temperature cumulative time of Leidi village was 561 h, which was not suitable for developing fruit varieties with high chilling requirement. Under warul-winter special climate condition of South China, 0-7.2 ℃ model was more applicable for estimating local chilling requirement of deciduous fruit trees. [Conclusion ]The deciduous fruit tree varieties with moderate chilling requirement and regions at the ahitude of more than 500 meters should be choosed for developing deciduous fruit trees in Guilin city. Furthermore, Xiaopingle and Shanghuangpijiang villages of Lingchuan county are suitable for developing deciduous fruit trees, on the contrary, Xijiang village is not suitable, Leidi village is only suitable for developing deciduous fruit tree varieties with low ehilling requirement.